School of Health, Care, and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute for Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Public Health. 2024 Oct 30;12:1400520. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1400520. eCollection 2024.
Exposure to incivility and bullying among students in higher education institutions may have detrimental health and well-being outcomes. Nevertheless, the mechanism and interconnected pathways through which incivility and bullying are linked with poor health and well-being remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between incivility, bullying, and poor health and well-being among students in higher education institutions in Sweden, and whether gender influences these relationships. Furthermore, we examine whether bullying plays a mediating role in the relationship between incivility and poor health and well-being.
We analyzed a cross-sectional dataset of students drawn from 38 universities that are members of the association of Swedish higher education institutions. The data were collected from May to July 2021, covering 11,162 women and 6,496 men. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were utilized to estimate the relationships between incivility, bullying, and poor health and well-being. Additionally, multigroup analysis was applied to estimate the interactive effect of gender in these relationships.
Reports of both incivility and bullying were more prevalent among women than men. The results showed that incivility had direct relationships with both bullying and poor health and well-being . However, the relationship between bullying and poor health and well-being was not significant. There were statistically significant gender differences in the relationships between incivility, bullying, and poor health and well-being ( . Nevertheless, bullying did not significantly mediate the relationship between incivility and poor health and well-being.
The current study demonstrates that governments, university authorities, and policymakers must consider gender differences in incivility and bullying when developing policies and interventions intended to reduce these kinds of behaviors in organizations.
高校学生中遭遇不文明行为和欺凌可能会对其健康和幸福感产生不利影响。然而，不文明行为和欺凌与健康和幸福感不佳之间的关联机制和相互关联的途径在很大程度上仍未得到探索。本研究旨在调查瑞典高校学生中不文明行为、欺凌与健康和幸福感不佳之间的关系，以及性别是否会影响这些关系。此外，我们还探讨了欺凌是否在不文明行为与健康和幸福感不佳之间的关系中起中介作用。
我们分析了来自瑞典高等教育协会 38 所成员大学的学生的横断面数据集。数据收集于 2021 年 5 月至 7 月，涵盖了 11162 名女性和 6496 名男性。我们采用验证性因子分析和结构方程模型（SEM）来估计不文明行为、欺凌与健康和幸福感不佳之间的关系。此外，我们还应用多组分析来估计性别在这些关系中的交互作用。
报告的不文明行为和欺凌在女性中比男性更为普遍。结果表明，不文明行为与欺凌以及健康和幸福感不佳均存在直接关系。然而，欺凌与健康和幸福感不佳之间的关系并不显著。在不文明行为、欺凌与健康和幸福感不佳之间的关系中存在统计学上显著的性别差异（<0.001）。然而，欺凌在不文明行为与健康和幸福感不佳之间的关系中并没有起到显著的中介作用。
本研究表明，政府、大学当局和政策制定者在制定旨在减少组织中此类行为的政策和干预措施时，必须考虑不文明行为和欺凌中的性别差异。
