An "I" for an "I": A systematic review and meta-analysis of instigated and reciprocal incivility.

Incivility and its negative impacts on individuals, teams, and organizations have been widely studied in workplace contexts, but the literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of incivility from the instigator's perspective. This meta-analysis of instigated incivility included 35,344 workers from 76 independent samples. Results showed that instigated incivility was related to several correlates including psychological ill-being, ρ = .36, and well-being, ρ = -.17; physical well-being, ρ = -.25; personal dispositions that are risk factors, ρ = .47, and preventative factors, ρ = -.34; negative, ρ = .28, and positive, ρ = -.33, job attitudes; positive team characteristics, ρ = -.28; job demands, ρ = .10; and experienced, ρ = .61, and observed, ρ = .58, incivility. Moderator analyses showed that the relationship between experienced and instigated incivility was weaker for older participants and under conditions of greater job control and work-group civility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).