Chang Deyuan, Zhao Yancheng, Ren Ziwen, Zhu Xueyu, Bao Xiaokai, Wang Yongjie, Wang Weijun, Cui Cuiju, Liu Xiumei, Li Zan, Shan Yuan, Yang Jianmin
Fisheries College, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
Shandong Yellow River Delta Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Dongying 257200, China.
Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics. 2024 Dec;52:101355. doi: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101355. Epub 2024 Nov 7.
The golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta), a significant cephalopod in the Yellow and Bohai Seas of China, is highly esteemed for its exceptional medicinal and commercial value. The natural resources of the S. esculenta are currently facing depletion due to the ongoing environmental degradation and overfishing. Secreted by the ink sac of the S. esculenta, the ink contains a diverse array of nutrients and active ingredients, which can exert a substantial impact on biological immune cells' proliferation and differentiation, the occurrence of inflammation, autophagy, along with other processes pertaining to immune response, and thus affects their survival. In the actual production, the high-density artificial cultivation and transportation process of S. esculenta often leads to large-scale inkjet phenomenon, posing a significant threat to the survival of this species. The present study employed RNA-seq as the basis to investigate the mechanisms of immune response in S. esculenta larvae when exposed to ink. Conduct functional enrichment analysis (GO and KEGG) as well as protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis for the 1951 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, this study is the pioneering attempt to employ a combined analysis of KEGG and PPI network construction and further reveal a set of 20 key genes associated with immunity, which have higher numbers of PPI or KEGG pathway participation. It is evident that the ink exposure has an impact on the inflammatory response, immune cell propagation and specialization, transmission of signals in the immune system, and autophagy in S. esculenta larvae. Through the enrichment analysis of genes and pathway functions, we understood the impact of ink exposure on the larvae of S. esculenta exhibit immune resistance, further improved our overall comprehension regarding the immune functionality exhibited by mollusks, and contributed to improving the survival rate of S. esculenta in factory farming.
金乌贼（Sepia esculenta）是中国黄渤海重要的头足类动物，因其具有特殊的药用和商业价值而备受推崇。由于环境持续退化和过度捕捞，金乌贼的自然资源目前正面临枯竭。金乌贼的墨囊分泌的墨汁含有多种营养成分和活性成分，可对生物免疫细胞的增殖和分化、炎症的发生、自噬以及其他与免疫反应相关的过程产生重大影响，进而影响它们的生存。在实际生产中，金乌贼的高密度人工养殖和运输过程常常导致大规模喷墨现象，对该物种的生存构成重大威胁。本研究以RNA测序为基础，研究金乌贼幼体暴露于墨汁时的免疫反应机制。对1951个差异表达基因（DEGs）进行功能富集分析（GO和KEGG）以及蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络分析。此外，本研究首次尝试将KEGG和PPI网络构建相结合进行分析，并进一步揭示了一组与免疫相关的20个关键基因，这些基因参与PPI或KEGG通路的数量较多。显然，墨汁暴露会影响金乌贼幼体的炎症反应、免疫细胞增殖和特化、免疫系统中的信号传递以及自噬。通过对基因和通路功能的富集分析，我们了解了墨汁暴露对金乌贼幼体免疫抗性的影响，进一步提高了我们对软体动物免疫功能的整体认识，并有助于提高金乌贼工厂化养殖的成活率。
