College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
BMC Genomics. 2023 Aug 30;24(1):503. doi: 10.1186/s12864-023-09630-9.
Cadmium (Cd) flows into the ocean with industrial and agricultural pollution and significantly affects the growth and development of economic cephalopods such as Sepia esculenta, Amphioctopus fangsiao, and Loligo japonica. As of now, the reasons why Cd affects the growth and development of S. esculenta are not yet clear.
In this study, transcriptome and four oxidation and toxicity indicators are used to analyze the toxicological mechanism of Cd-exposed S. esculenta larvae. Indicator results indicate that Cd induces oxidative stress and metal toxicity. Functional enrichment analysis results suggest that larval ion transport, cell adhesion, and some digestion and absorption processes are inhibited, and the cell function is damaged. Comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interaction network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was used to explore S. esculenta larval toxicological mechanisms, and we find that among the 20 identified key genes, 14 genes are associated with neurotoxicity. Most of them are down-regulated and enriched to the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, suggesting that larval nervous system might be destroyed, and the growth, development, and movement process are significantly affected after Cd exposure.
S. esculenta larvae suffered severe oxidative damage after Cd exposure, which may inhibit digestion and absorption functions, and disrupt the stability of the nervous system. Our results lay a function for understanding larval toxicological mechanisms exposed to heavy metals, promoting the development of invertebrate environmental toxicology, and providing theoretical support for S. esculenta artificial culture.
镉（Cd）随工业和农业污染流入海洋，对经济头足类动物（如乌贼、短蛸和日本枪乌贼）的生长和发育有显著影响。迄今为止，Cd 影响乌贼生长和发育的原因尚不清楚。
本研究采用转录组和 4 项氧化和毒性指标，分析了 Cd 暴露的乌贼幼体的毒理学机制。结果表明 Cd 诱导了氧化应激和金属毒性。功能富集分析结果表明，幼虫的离子转运、细胞黏附以及一些消化和吸收过程受到抑制，细胞功能受损。综合分析蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析，探讨了乌贼幼体的毒理学机制，我们发现，在鉴定的 20 个关键基因中，有 14 个与神经毒性有关。它们大多数下调，并富集到神经活性配体-受体相互作用信号通路，这表明幼虫神经系统可能被破坏，Cd 暴露后，生长、发育和运动过程受到显著影响。
Cd 暴露后，乌贼幼体遭受严重的氧化损伤，可能抑制消化和吸收功能，并破坏神经系统的稳定性。我们的研究结果为理解重金属暴露下的幼虫毒理学机制提供了功能，促进了无脊椎动物环境毒理学的发展，并为乌贼的人工养殖提供了理论支持。
