Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2024 Dec 1;265:112473. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112473. Epub 2024 Oct 29.
Gender diversity, encompassing gender identity beyond traditional binary frameworks, has been associated with substance use during adolescence. However, there is a paucity of studies that consider different dimensions of gender diversity. This study investigates associations between multiple dimensions of gender diversity and substance experimentation in early adolescents.
Data from 10,092 adolescents aged 12-13 years from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were used to assess the relationship between gender diversity and substance experimentation. Gender diversity was measured using multiple dimensions, including identity (transgender), felt gender (congruence between gender identity and assigned sex), gender non-contentedness (dissatisfaction with one's gender), gender expression (adherence to gender expression norms), and place on the gender spectrum (masculine to feminine). Substance use was evaluated using self-reported lifetime and new experimentation (past year) of alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use. Logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors were analyzed.
More gender-diverse responses for felt gender, gender non-contentedness, gender expression, and gender spectrum were associated with higher odds of lifetime alcohol experimentation. More gender-diverse responses for gender identity and gender non-contentedness were associated with higher odds of new nicotine experimentation, and more gender-diverse responses for gender identity, felt gender, gender non-contentedness, and gender expression were associated with higher odds of lifetime and new cannabis experimentation.
Gender diversity is differentially associated with new and lifetime substance experimentation in early adolescence. Different dimensions of gender diversity may be uniquely associated with substance use behaviors, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in gender-diverse adolescents.
性别多样性，包含超越传统二元框架的性别认同，与青少年时期的物质使用有关。然而，考虑到性别多样性的不同维度的研究很少。本研究调查了性别多样性的多个维度与早期青少年物质实验之间的关联。
使用来自青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的 10092 名 12-13 岁青少年的数据，评估性别多样性与物质实验之间的关系。性别多样性使用多个维度进行衡量，包括身份（跨性别）、感觉性别（性别认同与分配性别之间的一致性）、性别不满（对自己的性别不满意）、性别表达（遵守性别表达规范）和性别谱位置（从男性到女性）。物质使用通过自我报告的终生和新实验（过去一年）评估，包括酒精、尼古丁和大麻使用。分析了调整社会人口因素的逻辑回归模型。
感觉性别、性别不满、性别表达和性别谱的性别多样性反应与终生酒精实验的可能性更高相关。性别认同和性别不满的性别多样性反应与新尼古丁实验的可能性更高相关，性别认同、感觉性别、性别不满和性别表达的性别多样性反应与终生和新大麻实验的可能性更高相关。
性别多样性与早期青少年的新物质和终生物质实验呈不同的相关性。性别多样性的不同维度可能与物质使用行为独特相关，突出了在性别多样化的青少年中需要有针对性的干预措施。
