Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2024 Dec;82:102659. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102659. Epub 2024 Nov 14.
High nighttime temperature (HNT) is a major obstacle in rice production worldwide. It severely impacts spikelet fertility and induces grain chalk, the two undesirable factors leading to yield and quality decline in rice. Recently, major efforts have been undertaken to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying HNT tolerance. Here, we highlight phenotypic diversity and recent studies on breeding, genomics, and gene editing targeting this trait. These studies point to the challenges in the process as HNT tolerance has so far been found only in non-adapted varieties, and no known modern cultivar bred in the United States is able to withstand exposure to HNT during the reproductive stage. At the same time, identification of the tolerant genotypes enabled genomics, opened up tortuous but promising approaches for breeding, and showed a path for gene editing towards HNT tolerance. The recent advances have set a strong foundation for addressing this current and looming threat.
高温夜间温度（HNT）是全球范围内水稻生产的主要障碍。它严重影响小穗育性并导致籽粒垩白，这两个不利因素导致水稻产量和品质下降。最近，人们做出了重大努力来了解 HNT 耐受性的遗传机制。在这里，我们重点介绍了该性状的表型多样性和最近的育种、基因组学和基因编辑研究。这些研究表明，在这个过程中存在挑战，因为迄今为止，只有在非适应品种中才发现 HNT 耐受性，而且在美国，没有已知的现代品种能够在生殖阶段耐受 HNT 暴露。同时，耐受基因型的鉴定使基因组学得以实现，为育种开辟了曲折但有希望的途径，并为 HNT 耐受性的基因编辑指明了道路。最近的进展为应对这一当前和迫在眉睫的威胁奠定了坚实的基础。
