Shobade Samuel O, Nilsen-Hamilton Marit, Zabotina Olga A
Ames National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 6;14(13):2069. doi: 10.3390/plants14132069.
Proteins play pivotal roles in safeguarding plants against numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding their biological functions and mechanisms of action is essential for advancing plant biology, agriculture, and biotechnology. This review considers the diversity and potential applications of plant defense proteins including pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, chitinases, glucanases, protease inhibitors, lectins, and antimicrobial peptides. Recent advances, such as the omics technologies, have enabled the discovery of new plant defense proteins and regulatory networks that govern plant defense responses and unveiled numerous roles of plant defense proteins in stress perception, signal transduction, and immune priming. The molecular affinities and enzymatic activities of plant defense proteins are essential for their defense functions. Applications of plant defense proteins span agriculture, biotechnology, and medicine, including the development of resistant crop varieties, bio-based products, biopharmaceuticals, and functional foods. Future research directions include elucidating the structural bases of defense protein functions, exploring protein interactions with ligands and other proteins, and engineering defense proteins for enhanced efficacy. Overall, this review illuminates the significance of plant defense proteins against biotic stresses in plant biology and biotechnology, emphasizing their potential for sustainable agriculture and environmental management.
蛋白质在保护植物抵御多种生物和非生物胁迫方面发挥着关键作用。了解它们的生物学功能和作用机制对于推动植物生物学、农业和生物技术的发展至关重要。本综述探讨了植物防御蛋白的多样性和潜在应用，包括病程相关（PR）蛋白、几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶抑制剂、凝集素和抗菌肽。诸如组学技术等最新进展，已促成新植物防御蛋白及调控植物防御反应的网络的发现，并揭示了植物防御蛋白在胁迫感知、信号转导和免疫激发中的众多作用。植物防御蛋白的分子亲和力和酶活性对其防御功能至关重要。植物防御蛋白的应用涵盖农业、生物技术和医学领域，包括培育抗性作物品种、生物基产品、生物制药和功能性食品。未来的研究方向包括阐明防御蛋白功能的结构基础、探索蛋白质与配体及其他蛋白质的相互作用，以及对防御蛋白进行工程改造以提高其功效。总体而言，本综述阐明了植物防御蛋白在植物生物学和生物技术中抵御生物胁迫的重要性，强调了它们在可持续农业和环境管理方面的潜力。
