Khandayataray Pratima, Murthy Meesala Krishna
Department of Biotechnology, Academy of Management and Information Technology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752057, India.
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India.
Neuroscience. 2024 Dec 17;563:148-166. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.020. Epub 2024 Nov 13.
Numerous studies linking environmental pollutants to oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotoxicity have assigned pollutants to several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Heavy metals, pesticides, air pollutants, and endocrine disruptor chemicals have been shown to play important roles in AD development, with some traditional functions in amyloid-β formation, tau kinase action, and neuronal degeneration. However, pharmacological management and supplementation have resulted in limited improvement. This raises the interesting possibility that activities usually considered preventive, including diet, exercise, or mental activity, might be more similar to treatment or therapy for AD. This review focuses on the effects of diet on the effects of environmental pollutants on AD. One of the primary issues addressed in this review is a group of specific diets, including the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), which prevent exposure to these toxins. Such diets have been proven to decrease oxidative stress and inflammation, which are unfavorable for neuronal growth. Furthermore, they contribute to positive changes in the composition of the human gut microbiota and thus encourage interactions in the Gut-Brain Axis, reducing inflammation caused by pollutants. This review emphasizes a multi-professional approach with reference to nutritional activities that would lower the neurotoxic load in populations with a high level of exposure to pollutants. Future studies focusing on diet and environment association plans may help identify preventive measures aimed at enhancing current disease deceleration.
众多将环境污染物与氧化应激、炎症和神经毒性联系起来的研究已将污染物与包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）在内的几种神经退行性疾病关联起来。重金属、农药、空气污染物和内分泌干扰化学物质已被证明在AD的发展中起重要作用，在淀粉样β蛋白形成、tau激酶作用和神经元变性等方面具有一些传统作用。然而，药物治疗和补充剂的效果有限。这就引发了一个有趣的可能性，即通常被认为具有预防作用的活动，包括饮食、运动或心理活动，可能与AD的治疗或疗法更为相似。本综述重点关注饮食对环境污染物影响AD的作用。本综述探讨的主要问题之一是一组特定的饮食，包括地中海饮食（MeDi）、终止高血压饮食疗法（DASH）以及延缓神经退行性疾病的地中海-DASH干预饮食（MIND），这些饮食可防止接触这些毒素。此类饮食已被证明可减轻氧化应激和炎症，而氧化应激和炎症对神经元生长不利。此外，它们有助于人类肠道微生物群组成的积极变化，从而促进肠-脑轴的相互作用，减少污染物引起的炎症。本综述强调了一种多专业方法，涉及营养活动，以降低高暴露于污染物人群的神经毒性负荷。未来专注于饮食与环境关联计划的研究可能有助于确定旨在加强当前疾病减缓的预防措施。
