Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 160014, India.
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Nov 15;24(1):1083. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05785-z.
The unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway serves as a crucial mechanism enabling plants to perceive, respond to, and shield themselves from adverse environmental conditions. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is one of the key players of the UPR, and resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) within the cell. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of 195 IRE1 genes across 90 diverse plant species, with a focus on their identification and characterization.
To decipher the functions of IRE1 family members, we investigated the evolution and spread of IREs in plants and analysed their structural and localization characteristics. Our detailed cis-element analysis revealed unique IRE1 regulation patterns in different plant species. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed tissue-specific and heat stress-responsive expression patterns of TaIRE1s, which were subsequently confirmed via quantitative gene expression analysis. TaIRE1-6A was upregulated in response to dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment as well as heat stress. This finding suggests that IRE1 might play a role in linking the UPR pathway and the heat stress response (HSR).
Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution and expansion of IRE1 genes in different plant species. These findings provide a foundation for further in-depth research on the functional diversity of IREs in nutritious crops following polyploidization. By linking the UPR with HSR, IRE1 could be a key contributor to wheat's resilience against heat stress. Additionally, this connection offers important insights for future functional studies in other crops. Thus, this knowledge could be used for engineering climate resilience in crops such as wheat.
未折叠蛋白反应 (UPR) 途径是植物感知、应对和保护自身免受不利环境条件影响的关键机制之一。肌醇需求酶 1 (IRE1) 是 UPR 的关键参与者之一，存在于细胞内质网 (ER) 中。本研究对 90 种不同植物物种中的 195 个 IRE1 基因进行了全面分析，重点是它们的鉴定和特征分析。
为了解 IRE1 家族成员的功能，我们研究了 IRE 在植物中的进化和传播，并分析了它们的结构和定位特征。我们详细的顺式元件分析揭示了不同植物物种中独特的 IRE1 调控模式。此外，基因表达分析显示 TaIRE1s 在不同组织中具有组织特异性和热应激响应表达模式，随后通过定量基因表达分析进行了验证。TaIRE1-6A 对二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 处理和热应激表现出上调。这一发现表明 IRE1 可能在将 UPR 途径与热应激反应 (HSR) 联系起来发挥作用。
我们的研究结果提供了对不同植物物种中 IRE1 基因进化和扩展的全面了解。这些发现为深入研究营养作物多倍化后 IRE 功能多样性奠定了基础。通过将 UPR 与 HSR 联系起来，IRE1 可能是小麦对热应激具有弹性的关键因素。此外，这种联系为其他作物的未来功能研究提供了重要的见解。因此，这项知识可用于在小麦等作物中进行工程气候抗性设计。
