Nsabimana Phenias, Gutema Befikadu Tariku, Langley Kate, Vasanthakaalam Hilda, De Henauw Stefaan, Somé Jérome W, Abbeddou Souheila
School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, P.O Box 210, Musanze, Rwanda.
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, B-9000, Belgium.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2024 Nov 14;21(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12986-024-00859-z.
Economic growth in Rwanda is associated with significant changes in food systems, access to health and other services, lifestyle, and nutritional transitions. Nevertheless, our knowledge of dietary patterns in Rwanda remains limited. The present study aimed to identify the dietary habits of young adult population in Rwanda and to assess associated factors.
A developed and validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire covering a one-year period was used to collect data on food intake of 1,218 participants (18-35 years old) from end of January to April 2023 in a cross-sectional study. Dietary habits were assessed using two indicators: the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and dietary patterns. The latest was developed using exploratory factor analysis.
Rwandan adults had a mean GDQS of 24.1; 64.4% had high GDQS, especially urban, and educated respondents. The Southern province led at 77.4%. Three dietary patterns were identified: "Modern" (high in processed foods and drinks), "Traditional" (rich in cereals, roots, and plant-based proteins), and "low variety" (low in diverse foods but high in sugar and salt). Dietary patterns significantly varied by residency, province, sex, age, social category, asset, and education level.
This study identified distinct dietary patterns among adult population of Rwanda, suggesting a nutritional transition associated with urbanization. The findings highlight the need for further research into the relationships between diet, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in Rwandan population.
卢旺达的经济增长与食物系统、获得健康及其他服务、生活方式和营养转型的显著变化相关。然而，我们对卢旺达饮食模式的了解仍然有限。本研究旨在确定卢旺达年轻成年人群的饮食习惯并评估相关因素。
在一项横断面研究中，使用一份经过开发和验证的、涵盖一年时间的半定量食物频率问卷，收集了2023年1月底至4月期间1218名参与者（18 - 35岁）的食物摄入量数据。饮食习惯通过两个指标进行评估：全球饮食质量得分（GDQS）和饮食模式。后者通过探索性因素分析得出。
卢旺达成年人的平均GDQS为24.1；64.4%的人具有较高的GDQS，尤其是城市居民和受过教育的受访者。南部省份领先，比例为77.4%。确定了三种饮食模式：“现代型”（加工食品和饮料含量高）、“传统型”（富含谷物、块根和植物性蛋白质）和“种类少型”（食物种类少但糖和盐含量高）。饮食模式因居住地区、省份、性别、年龄、社会类别、资产和教育水平而有显著差异。
本研究确定了卢旺达成年人群中不同的饮食模式，表明与城市化相关的营养转型。研究结果凸显了进一步研究卢旺达人群饮食、肥胖和代谢综合征之间关系的必要性。
