Kul'chitskiĭ K I, Romenskiĭ O Iu
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1986 Jan;90(1):8-16.
In progressive development of the organisms, the cardio-vascular system perfects, its construction is adequate to the level and character of the animal's metabolism. The hypobranchial arteries, forming in the subbranchial area in fishes, make the immediate source for the branching off the coronary arteries. Comparison of the data concerning the places where the cranial coronary arteries take their origin in amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammalia demonstrates that the evolutional process is directed towards transference of the places of their branching off on the ventral aorta, and then on the nearest distance to the heart. Certain data are obtained on evolution of the blood circulation pathways in the myocardium and, particularly, on presence of blood vessels in the spongy myocardium in Elasmobranchii, Chondrosteoideii, as well as in the alligator. The most important of the myocardial blood vessels at all stages of evolution is their connection with the cardiac chambers. At definite stages of phylogenesis, simultaneously with compactization of the myocardium and formation of veins from the intertrabecular spaces, the subepicardial and intramural veins unite into a single venous system, bringing blood to the cardiac cavity. In birds, mammalia and human being, the coronary vessels have reached a high degree of development, having penetrated by their branches into all layers of the cardiac wall, and thus they exclude the dependence of the myocardial blood supply from the blood that is present in the cardiac cavity.
在生物体的进化发展过程中，心血管系统不断完善，其结构与动物新陈代谢的水平和特点相适应。鱼类鳃下区域形成的鳃下动脉是冠状动脉分支的直接来源。对两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物颅部冠状动脉起源部位数据的比较表明，进化过程朝着其分支部位从腹主动脉转移，然后向离心脏最近的距离发展。关于心肌内血液循环途径的进化，特别是关于板鳃亚纲、软骨硬鳞亚纲以及短吻鳄的海绵状心肌中血管的存在，已获得了某些数据。进化各阶段中最重要的心肌血管是它们与心腔的连接。在系统发育的特定阶段，随着心肌的致密化以及小梁间隙静脉的形成，心外膜下静脉和壁内静脉联合成一个单一的静脉系统，将血液带回心腔。在鸟类、哺乳动物和人类中，冠状动脉已高度发达，其分支深入心脏壁的所有层，从而排除了心肌血液供应对心腔内血液的依赖。
