Villarreal Velia Margarita Cárdenas, Castell Ernesto Cortes, Baeza María Mercedes Rizo, Martínez Nora Hernández, Chávez Norma Edith Cruz, Cárdenas Karen Paola Camarillo
Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Dr. José Eleuterio González 1500, Mitras Norte, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, 66460, Mexico.
Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad, s/n, Elche, Alicante, 03202, Spain.
Matern Child Health J. 2025 Jan;29(1):87-94. doi: 10.1007/s10995-024-04016-z. Epub 2024 Nov 15.
Malnutrition in early childhood has long-term health consequences, including increased obesity risk due to catch-up growth in undernourished infants. While maternal perceptions and feeding practices affect infant malnutrition, limited evidence exists in middle-income countries like Mexico. This study examines the associations between maternal perceptions, feeding practices, and nutritional status in infants aged 6-12 months in northeastern Mexico.
A total of 192 mother-infant dyads were assed using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Maternal variables included perception of hunger and satiety, infant weight perception, feeding attitudes, self-efficacy, fatigue, and feeding practices. Infant nutritional status was determined using WHO Anthro, and multiple logistic regression identified associations between maternal and infant factors and nutritional status.
38% of infants were overweight/obese, and 7% were underweight. Low maternal self-efficacy, low perception of hunger and satiety signs, non-recommended feeding attitudes, and inaccurate perception of infant weight were identified. Maternal nocturnal sleep hours, type of feeding, and feeding frequency were associated to underweight. The maternal perception of infant weight was inaccurate for both underweight (mothers overestimate the weight) and overweight/obese (mothers underestimate the weight) infants.
The main maternal perception influencing infant nutritional status was inaccurate weight perception. Mothers demonstrated limited knowledge and negative feeding practices with non-recommended feeding practices among Mexican mothers. Longer maternal sleep duration (> 8 h/night) was associated with underweight infants.
幼儿期营养不良会产生长期健康后果，包括营养不良婴儿因追赶生长而增加肥胖风险。虽然母亲的认知和喂养行为会影响婴儿营养不良，但在墨西哥等中等收入国家，相关证据有限。本研究探讨了墨西哥东北部6至12个月婴儿的母亲认知、喂养行为与营养状况之间的关联。
共对192对母婴进行了问卷调查和人体测量。母亲的变量包括对饥饿和饱腹感的认知、对婴儿体重的认知、喂养态度、自我效能感、疲劳程度以及喂养行为。使用世界卫生组织儿童生长标准评估软件（WHO Anthro）确定婴儿的营养状况，并通过多元逻辑回归分析确定母亲和婴儿因素与营养状况之间的关联。
38%的婴儿超重/肥胖，7%的婴儿体重不足。研究发现母亲的自我效能感低、对饥饿和饱腹感信号的认知不足、不推荐的喂养态度以及对婴儿体重的认知不准确。母亲夜间睡眠时间、喂养方式和喂养频率与体重不足有关。母亲对体重不足婴儿（母亲高估体重）和超重/肥胖婴儿（母亲低估体重）的体重认知均不准确。
影响婴儿营养状况的主要母亲认知是体重认知不准确。在墨西哥母亲中，母亲们表现出知识有限和消极的喂养行为，存在不推荐的喂养方式。母亲较长的睡眠时间（>8小时/晚）与体重不足的婴儿有关。
