Johnson Heidi M, Riddle Nicole C
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biology, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA.
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biology, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA.
Exp Gerontol. 2024 Dec;198:112630. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112630. Epub 2024 Nov 20.
Exercise is a common strategy for disease prevention or management, including for diabetes and cardiac dysfunction. However, exercise response varies immensely between individuals, and in humans, the same exercise treatment can lead both to positive and negative responses. Drosophila melanogaster is an established model for exercise research that can be leveraged to understand this variation in exercise response. Here, we investigated how two early life exercise treatments differing in duration (5 and 20 days) impact the animals' health- and lifespan in four genotypes. Specifically, we measured lifespan, activity level, body condition, physical ability, and reproductive output in this exploratory study to gain insights into potential trade-offs. For most measures, we found both immediate and long-term effects, with some effects persisting weeks past the cessation of exercise. The effect of the exercise treatment was context-dependent, with treatment, sex, and genotype interactions determining phenotypes. For example, the 20-day treatment did not exhibit a consistently larger effect than the 5-day treatment. Similarly, neither the 5-day nor the 20-day treatment impacted lifespan, but two specific genotype/sex combinations showed altered lifespan after exercise. The 20-day treatment decreased climbing performance compared to controls up to several weeks after treatment ended in some genotypes. Together, our results highlight the complex, interacting factors controlling exercise response and demonstrate that early life exercise can have long-lasting effects in the Drosophila exercise model even though most individual groups show no response.
运动是预防或管理疾病的常见策略，包括用于糖尿病和心脏功能障碍。然而，个体之间的运动反应差异极大，在人类中，相同的运动疗法可能会导致积极和消极两种反应。黑腹果蝇是运动研究的既定模型，可用于理解这种运动反应的差异。在这里，我们研究了两种持续时间不同（5天和20天）的早期生活运动疗法如何影响四种基因型动物的健康和寿命。具体而言，我们在这项探索性研究中测量了寿命、活动水平、身体状况、体能和繁殖产出，以深入了解潜在的权衡取舍。对于大多数测量指标，我们发现了即时和长期影响，有些影响在运动停止数周后仍持续存在。运动疗法的效果取决于具体情况，治疗、性别和基因型的相互作用决定了表型。例如，20天的治疗并不总是比5天的治疗效果更大。同样，5天和20天的治疗都没有影响寿命，但两种特定的基因型/性别组合在运动后显示出寿命改变。在某些基因型中，20天的治疗在治疗结束后长达数周内，与对照组相比降低了攀爬能力。总之，我们的结果突出了控制运动反应的复杂相互作用因素，并表明早期生活运动在果蝇运动模型中可能具有持久影响，尽管大多数个体组没有反应。
