Younesi Baneh Payam, Ahmadi Borhan, Salehzadeh Hamzeh, Mohammadi Hady, Shahmoradi B, Ghaderi Bayazid
Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 28;10(21):e39833. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39833. eCollection 2024 Nov 15.
This study focuses on the contamination of groundwater by heavy metals (HMs) in the Kurdistan Province of Iran, an area heavily reliant on these water resources, especially in rural regions. This research aimed to quantify the concentrations of 20 HMs in groundwater sources and assess the associated health risks, including both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects, for different age groups. The study was conducted in 2024. We collected 155 groundwater samples from water resources of the villages in Kurdistan Province, west of Iran. The study encompassed comprehensive sampling of groundwater from various wells and springs throughout the province, which was subsequently subjected to thorough laboratory analysis utilizing Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) for the quantification of heavy metal (HM) concentrations. The highest concentrations of As, Co, Cu, and Mo were 7.90, 0.22, 2.48, and 1.68 μg/l, respectively. It was related to the cities of Qorveh, Sanandaj, Baneh, and Qorveh respectively. A Health Risk Assessment (HRA) was performed, indicating that, while the concentrations of most HMs were within the thresholds established by national and international standards, certain metals, such as arsenic and lithium, presented notable non-carcinogenic risks, especially to children. These metals were responsible for over 48 % of the cumulative hazard index (HI) across all ten cities evaluated. Furthermore, the HI for the adult demographic exceeded 1.0 (specifically 1.23) exclusively in Qorwe city. The study also identified a high carcinogenic risk associated with lead across the province, which has a carcinogenic risk of 7.3 × 10 in 10 studied cities, which is more than the guideline value of 10. The findings underscore the urgent need for continuous monitoring and the implementation of preventive measures to safeguard public health. The results provide crucial insights for policymakers and health authorities, facilitating informed decisions to mitigate the health risks posed by HM contamination in the region's groundwater.
本研究聚焦于伊朗库尔德斯坦省地下水的重金属污染问题，该地区严重依赖这些水资源，尤其是在农村地区。本研究旨在量化地下水源中20种重金属的浓度，并评估不同年龄组相关的健康风险，包括致癌和非致癌影响。该研究于2024年进行。我们从伊朗西部库尔德斯坦省各村庄的水资源中采集了155份地下水样本。该研究对全省各地不同的水井和泉水进行了全面采样，随后利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）进行了深入的实验室分析，以量化重金属浓度。砷、钴、铜和钼的最高浓度分别为7.90、0.22、2.48和1.68微克/升。它们分别与科尔韦、萨南达杰、巴内和科尔韦市相关。进行了健康风险评估（HRA），结果表明，虽然大多数重金属的浓度在国家和国际标准设定的阈值范围内，但某些金属，如砷和锂，存在显著的非致癌风险，尤其是对儿童。在所有评估的十个城市中，这些金属占累积危害指数（HI）的48%以上。此外，仅在科尔韦市，成年人口的HI超过了1.0（具体为1.23）。该研究还发现，全省范围内铅存在较高的致癌风险，在10个研究城市中致癌风险为7.3×10，超过了10的指导值。研究结果强调了持续监测和采取预防措施以保障公众健康的迫切需求。这些结果为政策制定者和卫生当局提供了关键见解，有助于做出明智决策，以减轻该地区地下水中重金属污染带来的健康风险。
