Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
Front Public Health. 2022 Sep 7;10:889130. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.889130. eCollection 2022.
Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most important threats that can endanger the health of animals, the environment, and humans. The present study was performed to investigate the potential ecological risk (PER) of heavy metals [zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se)] in the coastal soils of southwest Iran in 2019. The samples were collected from six soil sites and three depth intervals (0-15, 15-30, and 30-45 cm) among bare and vegetated coastal soils. The soil samples to study the soil properties (soil grain size, pH, EC, and soil organic carbon) and metal contamination were taken from soil (36 samples), water (6 samples), and plants (24 samples). The soil ecological risk (ER), the pollution load index (PLI), contamination degree (Cdeg), modified contamination degree (mCdeg) for heavy metal contamination in the soil, and enrichment factor (EF index) indicate the origin of metals entering the environment, and hence these parameters were investigated. The results of this study showed that the levels of Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Se, and Mo were in the range of low-risk contaminants in this region. According to the results of the study, the risk index (RI) for metals was in the range of 1.296-3.845, which is much lower than 150, and therefore the ecological risk potential calculated in this study was in the low-risk category for toxic elements. Based on the results, it was found that agricultural, industrial, and human activities played an effective role in the accumulation of Zn, Cu, Co, Se, and Mo in the soil. In addition, the main source of Mn metal is believed to be natural due to geological activities in the region.
重金属污染已成为危害动物、环境和人类健康的最重要威胁之一。本研究旨在 2019 年调查伊朗西南部沿海土壤中重金属（锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、钴（Co）、钼（Mo）、锰（Mn）和硒（Se））的潜在生态风险（PER）。从裸地和植被覆盖的沿海土壤中采集了六个土壤样本和三个深度间隔（0-15、15-30 和 30-45 厘米）的样本。采集土壤样本以研究土壤性质（土壤粒度、pH 值、EC 和土壤有机碳）和金属污染，从土壤（36 个样本）、水（6 个样本）和植物（24 个样本）中采集土壤样本。土壤生态风险（ER）、污染负荷指数（PLI）、污染程度（Cdeg）、重金属污染土壤的修正污染程度（mCdeg）和富集因子（EF 指数）表明金属进入环境的来源，因此研究了这些参数。本研究结果表明，该地区 Zn、Cu、Co、Mn、Se 和 Mo 的水平属于低风险污染物。根据研究结果，金属的风险指数（RI）在 1.296-3.845 之间，远低于 150，因此本研究计算的生态风险潜力属于有毒元素的低风险类别。结果表明，农业、工业和人类活动在土壤中 Zn、Cu、Co、Se 和 Mo 的积累中发挥了有效作用。此外，由于该地区的地质活动，Mn 金属的主要来源被认为是自然的。
