Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Morris Park, NY, United States.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, United States.
PeerJ. 2024 Nov 12;12:e18481. doi: 10.7717/peerj.18481. eCollection 2024.
SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and pandemic circumstances could negatively impact infant development. This study aimed to investigate the physical development, common pediatric illness incidence, and healthcare utilization over the first 2 years of life of infants born to COVID+ and COVID- patients. Comparisons were also made with infants born pre-pandemic.
This is a retrospective observational study at a major academic health system in New York City. Participants include all infants born to birthing persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy ( = 758) and without ( = 9,345) from 03/01/2020 to 08/17/2022, infants born pre-pandemic ( = 3,221) from 03/01/2017 to 08/17/2019, and birthing persons of all infants.
There were no differences in weight, length, or head circumference curves between pandemic infants born to COVID+ and COVID- patients over the first 2 years of life ( > 0.05, repeated ANOVA). Annualized incidence of illness occurrence and healthcare utilization were similar between groups. Compared to pre-pandemic infants, the length of pandemic (COVID-) infants was lower from birth to 9 months ( < 0.0001). Pandemic infants additionally had more adverse perinatal outcomes including increased stillbirth (0.75% . 0.12%, = 0.0001) and decreased gestational age (38.41 ± 2.71 . 38.68 ± 2.55 weeks, Cohen's d = -0.10, < 0.0001), birthweight (2,597 ± 335 . 3,142 ± 643 g, Cohen's d = -1.06, < 0.0001), and birth length (48.08 ± 4.61 . 49.09 ± 3.93 cm, Cohen's d = -0.24, < 0.0001).
Birthing persons' SARS-CoV-2 infection status, birthing persons' profiles, and pandemic circumstances negatively affected perinatal outcomes, newborn physical development, and healthcare utilization. These findings draw clinical attention to the need to follow infants closely and implement enrichment to ensure optimal developmental outcomes.
SARS-CoV-2 感染在妊娠期间和大流行期间可能会对婴儿的发育产生负面影响。本研究旨在调查在纽约市一家主要学术医疗系统中，COVID+和 COVID-孕妇所生婴儿在出生后 2 年内的身体发育、常见儿科疾病发病率和医疗保健利用情况，并与大流行前出生的婴儿进行比较。
这是一项在纽约市一家主要学术医疗系统进行的回顾性观察性研究。参与者包括所有在妊娠期间感染 SARS-CoV-2 的产妇所生婴儿（=758 例）和未感染产妇所生婴儿（=9345 例），以及大流行前出生的婴儿（=3221 例）。
在出生后 2 年内，COVID+和 COVID-产妇所生婴儿的体重、身高和头围曲线无差异（>0.05，重复方差分析）。各组间疾病发生和医疗保健利用的年化发病率相似。与大流行前婴儿相比，COVID-产妇所生婴儿的身长从出生到 9 个月时较低（<0.0001）。大流行时期的婴儿还存在更多不良围产期结局，包括死产率增加（0.75%. 0.12%，=0.0001）和胎龄降低（38.41±2.71. 38.68±2.55 周，Cohen's d=-0.10，<0.0001）、出生体重降低（2597±335. 3142±643 g，Cohen's d=-1.06，<0.0001）和出生时身长降低（48.08±4.61. 49.09±3.93 cm，Cohen's d=-0.24，<0.0001）。
产妇的 SARS-CoV-2 感染状况、产妇特征和大流行情况对围产期结局、新生儿身体发育和医疗保健利用产生负面影响。这些发现引起了临床关注，需要密切关注婴儿并实施充实计划，以确保最佳的发育结果。
