do Couto Márcia Valéria Silva, da Costa Sousa Natalino, Abe Higo Andrade, Dias Joel Artur Rodrigues, Cordeiro Carlos Alberto Martins, Paixão Peterson Emmanuel Guimarães, Santos Thays Brito Reis, Dos Santos Cunha Fernanda, Meneses Juliana Oliveira, Filho Ricardo Marques Nogueira, Bomfim Carol Nunes Costa, Honorato Cláucia Aparecida, Cardoso Bruno Trindade, Fujimoto Rodrigo Yudi
Department of Animal Science, Post-Graduation Progam, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil.
Department of Health and Environment, Post-Graduation Program, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, Brazil.
Aquac Nutr. 2022 Oct 19;2022:4387692. doi: 10.1155/2022/4387692. eCollection 2022.
This study investigated the effects of different dietary levels of virgin coconut oil on growth, body composition, bacterial resistance, and hematology parameters in tambaqui (). Six isolipidic (12% crude lipid) and isonitrogenous (33% CP) diets were formulated adding virgin coconut oil (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) as lipid source, replacing the soybean oil. A positive control diet also prepared containing 15% lauric acid (main fatty acid in virgin coconut oil). Triplicate groups of 20 fish were fed twice daily throughout 90 days. Monthly, we evaluated the tambaqui growth performance, weight and biomass gain, specific growth ratio, apparent feeding conversion, relative condition factor, fish weight uniformity, and final survival. At end of experiment, the fish were subjected to bacterial challenge and blood analysis (glucose, lactate, plasmatic protein, and red cell blood). Fish fed 0%, 100% of VCO and lauric acid presented lower growth than fish fed 50% of virgin coconut oil (VCO) which presents the highest biomass (929.8 ± 80.6a) and weight gain (15.4 ± 4.3a) ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the fish fed 50% and 75% VCO had an increase on body protein (50 and 58%, respectively) without increase body fat content. The values of triglycerides and cholesterol decreased (242.4 ± 39.1c and 181.5 ± 14.6bc) in fish fed 50% VCO and lauric acid, respectively. After bacterial challenge, a hemolytic anemia occurred in fish submitted to diets containing 100% of soybean oil and 100% of VCO, causing 41.67% and 100% of mortality, respectively. However, fish fed with 25 and 50% of VCO not presented any clinical signs of disease or mortality. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 50% virgin coconut in substitution to soybean oil as a lipid source in diets for is recommended to improve the growth performance, body protein, and resistance against pathogenic bacteria .
本研究调查了不同日粮水平的初榨椰子油对遮目鱼生长、体成分、细菌抗性和血液学参数的影响。配制了六种等脂（粗脂肪含量12%）和等氮（粗蛋白含量33%）的日粮，添加初榨椰子油（0%、25%、50%、75%和100%）作为脂肪源，替代大豆油。还制备了一种阳性对照日粮，含有15%的月桂酸（初榨椰子油中的主要脂肪酸）。每组20尾鱼，设三个重复，每天投喂两次，持续90天。每月评估遮目鱼的生长性能、体重和生物量增加、特定生长率、表观饲料转化率、相对条件因子、鱼体重均匀度和最终存活率。在实验结束时，对鱼进行细菌攻毒和血液分析（血糖、乳酸、血浆蛋白和红细胞）。投喂0%、100%初榨椰子油和月桂酸的鱼生长速度低于投喂50%初榨椰子油（VCO）的鱼，后者生物量最高（929.8±80.6a），体重增加最多（15.4±4.3a）（P<0.05）。此外，投喂50%和75%VCO的鱼体蛋白增加（分别为50%和58%），但体脂含量未增加。投喂50%VCO和月桂酸的鱼甘油三酯和胆固醇值分别下降（242.4±39.1c和181.5±14.6bc）。细菌攻毒后，投喂含100%大豆油和100%VCO日粮的鱼发生溶血性贫血，死亡率分别为41.67%和100%。然而，投喂25%和50%VCO的鱼未出现任何疾病临床症状或死亡。总之，建议在遮目鱼日粮中用50%的初榨椰子油替代大豆油作为脂肪源，以提高生长性能、体蛋白含量和对病原菌的抗性。
