药学专业学生对药品促销的认知与态度的横断面评估：来自发展中国家巴基斯坦的一项研究
Cross-sectional assessment of perception and attitude of pharmacy students towards pharmaceutical promotion: a study from developing country, Pakistan.
作者信息
Gillani Ali Hassan, Arshad Hafsa, Arshed Muhammad, Jairoun Ammar, Shukar Sundus, Akbar Jamshaid, Hussain Azzah Khadim, Malik Hafiz Muhammad Abbas, Ibrahim Mohamed Izham Mohamed, Fang Yu
机构信息
Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
出版信息
Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Nov 1;11:1424352. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1424352. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
The pharmaceutical promotion is "all informational and persuasive activities by manufacturers and distributors, the effect of which is to induce the prescription, supply, purchase and/or use of medicinal drugs. These promotional activities affect the dispensing behavior of physicians and pharmacists and influence begins from educational institutes.
OBJECTIVE
Our study's main aim was to evaluate opinion and attitude of pharmacy students towards pharmaceutical promotion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 3rd, 4th and final year pharmacy students of 3 public and 3 private sector universities in Punjab Pakistan. A modified version of pre available questionnaire was used to collect data from students between June 2020 and December 2020. The tool was made available through a Google Form, assessable to students via provided link. We utilized the snowball sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the demographics, while Chi-square and t-test were used to analyze associations between demographics and items. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.
RESULTS
A total of 1,195 students participated in the survey with an average age of 22.2 ± 1.2 years. Nearly 2/3rd of the students were males (62.2%) and a significant proportion (87.3%) of pharmacy students had never taken part in any training provided by pharmaceutical company. Among all, 51.9% confirmed that pharmacists who frequently interact with medical representatives tend to dispense more antibiotics. Additionally, 42.1% indicated they may dispense antibiotics under the influence of promotion. Pharmacy students in senior college years and those with lower parental exhibited significantly more perception and attitude scores ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
A significant number of students concurred with the notion that promotional activities could impact dispensing practices and they also believed that such activities contribute to the growing issue of irrational antibiotic use. This study underscores the necessity for a heightened emphasis on the educational needs of pharmacy students.
背景
药品促销是指制造商和经销商开展的所有信息性和说服性活动，其效果是促使药品的处方、供应、购买和/或使用。这些促销活动会影响医生和药剂师的配药行为，其影响甚至始于教育机构。
目的
本研究的主要目的是评估药学专业学生对药品促销的看法和态度。
材料与方法
对巴基斯坦旁遮普省3所公立和3所私立大学的三年级、四年级和最后一年的药学专业学生进行了一项横断面在线调查。采用预先可用问卷的修改版，于2020年6月至2020年12月期间从学生中收集数据。该工具通过谷歌表单提供，学生可通过提供的链接访问。我们采用了滚雪球抽样技术。描述性统计用于评估人口统计学特征，而卡方检验和t检验用于分析人口统计学特征与项目之间的关联。使用SPSS 21.0版本进行数据分析。
结果
共有1195名学生参与了调查，平均年龄为22.2±1.2岁。近三分之二的学生为男性（62.2%），且相当比例（87.3%）的药学专业学生从未参加过制药公司提供的任何培训。其中，51.9%的人确认经常与医药代表互动的药剂师往往会开出更多抗生素。此外，42.1%的人表示他们可能会在促销影响下开出抗生素。高年级的药学专业学生和父母收入较低的学生表现出明显更高的认知和态度得分（<0.001）。
结论
相当数量的学生认同促销活动可能会影响配药行为这一观点，他们还认为此类活动助长了不合理使用抗生素这一日益严重的问题。本研究强调了更加强调药学专业学生教育需求的必要性。
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