Electrochemical CO Conversion Commercialization Pathways: A Concise Review on Experimental Frontiers and Technoeconomic Analysis.

Technoeconomic analysis (TEA) studies are vital for formulating guidelines that drive the commercialization of electrochemical CO reduction (eCOR) technologies. In this review, we first discuss the progress in the field of eCOR processes by providing current state-of-the-art metrices (e.g., faradic efficiency, current density) based on the recent heterogeneous catalysts' discovery, electrolytes, electrolyzers configuration, and electrolysis process designs. Next, we assessed the TEA studies for a wide range of eCOR final products, different modes of eCOR systems/processes, and discussed their relative competitiveness with relevant commercial products. Finally, we discuss challenges and future directions essential for eCOR commercialization by linking suggestions from TEA studies. We believe that this review will catalyze innovation in formulating advanced eCOR strategies to meet the TEA benchmarks for the conversion of CO into valuable chemicals at the industrial scale.