Li Menglu, Li Xiaoqin, Yao Wenxiang, Wang Yuanyuan, Li Lufan, Leng Xiangjun
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
Aquac Nutr. 2024 Jun 19;2024:9969518. doi: 10.1155/2024/9969518. eCollection 2024.
This study investigated the effects of substituting fish meal (FM) in practical diet by chlorella meal on the growth, feed utilization, and flesh quality of Pacific white shrimp (). First, a basal diet was prepared with 200 g/kg FM inclusion (FM-20), and then chlorella meal was used to reduce FM inclusion to 150 g/kg (FM-15), 100 g/kg (FM-10), 50 g/kg (FM-5), and 0 g/kg (FM-0), corresponding to the replacement levels of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of dietary FM, respectively. Shrimp (1.37 ± 0.10 g) were fed with the five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets for 56 days. No significant difference was observed in feed conversion ratio (FCR) and weight gain (WG) between FM-20 and FM-15 group ( > 0.05), but when chlorella meal substituted 50% of dietary FM, WG, protein and lipid retention, and n-3/n-6 PUFAs in flesh were significantly reduced with significant increase in FCR ( < 0.05). Survival, feed intake, meat yield, apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein, dry matter, and flesh shear force showed no significant difference between FM-20 and substituted groups ( > 0.05). When dietary FM was totally substituted by chlorella meal, the body yellowness and redness and essential amino acid content in flesh, including Lys and Met, were significantly reduced ( < 0.05). No significant differences were found in flesh total collagen, crude lipid, crude protein, serum biochemical indexes, flesh texture profiles (hardness, springiness, etc.), water holding capacity, antioxidant capacity, fatty acid, free amino acid composition, and muscle fiber density among the five treatments ( > 0.05). To sum up, in a practical diet with 200 g/kg FM inclusion, chlorella meal successfully replaced 25% of dietary FM without adverse impacts on the growth and feed utilization, and the substitution of 75% of dietary FM did not negatively affect the flesh quality of Pacific white shrimp.
本研究调查了用小球藻粉替代实际日粮中的鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用率和肉质的影响。首先，制备了一种鱼粉含量为200 g/kg的基础日粮（FM-20），然后用小球藻粉将鱼粉含量分别降至150 g/kg（FM-15）、100 g/kg（FM-10）、50 g/kg（FM-5）和0 g/kg（FM-0），分别对应日粮中鱼粉替代水平为25%、50%、75%和100%。用这五种等氮和等脂日粮喂养凡纳滨对虾（1.37±0.10 g）56天。FM-20组和FM-15组之间的饲料转化率（FCR）和增重（WG）无显著差异（P>0.05），但当小球藻粉替代50%的日粮鱼粉时，WG、蛋白质和脂质保留率以及虾肉中的n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸显著降低，FCR显著升高（P<0.05）。FM-20组和替代组之间的存活率、采食量、肉产量、粗蛋白、干物质的表观消化率系数以及虾肉剪切力无显著差异（P>0.05）。当日粮鱼粉完全被小球藻粉替代时，虾体的黄度和红度以及虾肉中的必需氨基酸含量（包括赖氨酸和蛋氨酸）显著降低（P<0.05）。在这五种处理中，虾肉总胶原蛋白、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、血清生化指标、肉质地参数（硬度、弹性等）、持水力、抗氧化能力、脂肪酸、游离氨基酸组成和肌纤维密度均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述，在鱼粉含量为200 g/kg的实际日粮中，小球藻粉成功替代了25%的日粮鱼粉，且对生长和饲料利用率无不利影响，替代75%的日粮鱼粉也未对凡纳滨对虾的肉质产生负面影响。
