Fan Yuhan, Xiong Haiyan, Liu Jiahao, Liu Guoxu, Ma Qiang, Wei Yuliang, Liang Mengqing, Xu Houguo
College of Fisheries and Life Sciences Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
Aquac Nutr. 2024 Aug 12;2024:2709579. doi: 10.1155/2024/2709579. eCollection 2024.
Palm oil, with its higher production, lower prices, and higher levels of palmitic acid and oleic acid, may have great potential for use in the aquafeed industry. In this study, with an 8-week feeding experiment, the efficacy of palm oil as a substitute for fish oil in tiger puffer feeds was comprehensively evaluated. The control diets (FO group) contained 8% marine fish oil as the main lipid source, while in the treatment diets, the added marine fish oil was replaced with palm oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively, which was named 25PO, 50PO, 75PO, and 100PO, respectively. Juvenile tiger puffers with an initial weight of 15.0 ± 0.04 g were used, with three replicate tanks of 30 juvenile fish tiger puffer for each dietary group. The fish oil replacement by palm oil did not have an adverse effect on fish growth and feeding, but the weight gain decreased by 17.3% in group PO100. Palm oil had no significant effects on fish proximate composition and muscle texture. The effects of dietary palm oil on muscle fatty acid composition were not significant, with DHA and EPA significantly lowered only in the 100PO group. In contrast, the changes in liver and intestinal fatty acid compositions in response to diets were more significant than those in the muscle. In the intestine, the replacement of more than 50% fish oil by palm oil significantly downregulated the gene expression associated with peroxisomal fatty acid -oxidation and triglyceride hydrolysis, while upregulated the expression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes. In the liver, the replacement of more than 75% fish oil also significantly upregulated the cholesterol synthesis. In conclusion, palm oil can replace 75% of added marine fish oil in tiger puffer diets and does not adversely affect the growth performance, feed utilization, muscle composition, and muscle texture.
棕榈油产量较高、价格较低，且棕榈酸和油酸含量较高，在水产饲料行业可能具有巨大的应用潜力。在本研究中，通过为期8周的投喂实验，全面评估了棕榈油替代虎河豚饲料中鱼油的效果。对照饲料（FO组）含有8%的海洋鱼油作为主要脂质来源，而在处理饲料中，添加的海洋鱼油分别被25%、50%、75%和100%的棕榈油替代，分别命名为25PO、50PO、75PO和100PO。使用初始体重为15.0±0.04克的幼年虎河豚，每个饲料组设置三个重复水箱，每个水箱中有30尾幼年虎河豚。用棕榈油替代鱼油对鱼的生长和摄食没有不利影响，但PO100组的体重增加下降了17.3%。棕榈油对鱼的常规成分和肌肉质地没有显著影响。饲料中的棕榈油对肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响不显著，仅在100PO组中DHA和EPA显著降低。相比之下，肝脏和肠道脂肪酸组成对饲料的响应变化比肌肉中的更显著。在肠道中，用棕榈油替代超过50%的鱼油会显著下调与过氧化物酶体脂肪酸氧化和甘油三酯水解相关的基因表达，同时上调胆固醇生物合成基因的表达。在肝脏中，替代超过75%的鱼油也会显著上调胆固醇合成。总之，棕榈油可以替代虎河豚饲料中75%添加的海洋鱼油，且不会对生长性能、饲料利用率、肌肉成分和肌肉质地产生不利影响。
