Zhang Feiran, Li Lin, Meng Xiaoxue, Liu Jian, Cui Xishuai, Ma Qiang, Wei Yuliang, Liang Mengqing, Xu Houguo, Rombenso Artur
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Sep 27;13(19):3037. doi: 10.3390/ani13193037.
A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with beef tallow (BT) on the fatty acid composition of farmed tiger puffer (). Two replacement strategies were used: a standard Graded Dietary Replacement of FO with BT (GDR strategy) and Alternate Feeding between FO- and BT-based Diets (AFD strategy). The positive and negative control diets were formulated with 6% FO (FO-C group) or BT (BT-C group) as the sole added lipid source. In the GDR strategy, three experimental diets were formulated, with 25, 50 and 75% of the added FO in the FO-C diet replaced with BT, named 25BT, 50BT and 75BT, respectively. In the AFD strategy, alternated feeding patterns between the FO-C and BT-C diet-namely, 1, 2 and 3 weeks with BT-C followed by 1 week feeding with FO-C (1BT-1FO, 2BT-1FO and 3BT-1FO, respectively)-were applied. Each diet or feeding strategy was assigned to triplicate tanks. The results showed that dietary BT inclusion reduced the contents of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in both the muscle and liver (edible tissues for this species) of the experimental fish, and the liver displayed a more drastic decrease than the muscle. The LC-PUFA content linearly decreased with the decreasing dietary FO levels in the GDR strategy. However, in the AFD strategy, a linear relationship was not observed between the LC-PUFA content and the FO feeding duration. The 3BT-1FO treatment resulted in higher LC-PUFA content than 2BT-1FO. When comparing the two strategies with the same final FO administration level-namely, 50BT vs. 1BT-1FO, and in particular, 75BT vs. 3BT-1FO-the AFD strategy resulted in higher LC-PUFA contents in both the muscle and liver than the GDR strategy. In conclusion, when FO was replaced with BT in the diets, alternate feeding between FO- and BT-based diets resulted in a higher LC-PUFA content than the standard direct replacement. Three weeks of feeding with BT-C followed by one week of feeding with FO-C appeared to be a good alternate feeding pattern. This study provided a promising strategy of FO-sparing in fish farming when the LC-PUFA contents were maintained as high as possible.
进行了一项为期12周的饲养实验，以评估用牛脂（BT）替代鱼油（FO）对养殖虎河豚脂肪酸组成的影响。采用了两种替代策略：用BT对FO进行标准分级日粮替代（GDR策略）以及在以FO为基础的日粮和以BT为基础的日粮之间交替投喂（AFD策略）。阳性和阴性对照日粮分别以6%的FO（FO-C组）或BT（BT-C组）作为唯一添加的脂质来源进行配制。在GDR策略中，配制了三种实验日粮，将FO-C日粮中25%、50%和75%的添加FO分别用BT替代，分别命名为25BT、50BT和75BT。在AFD策略中，采用了FO-C和BT-C日粮之间的交替投喂模式，即分别为连续1周、2周和3周投喂BT-C日粮，随后1周投喂FO-C日粮（分别为1BT-1FO、2BT-1FO和3BT-1FO）。每种日粮或投喂策略均分配到三个重复的养殖水箱。结果表明，日粮中添加BT降低了实验鱼肌肉和肝脏（该物种的可食用组织）中长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）的含量，且肝脏中的降低幅度比肌肉更为显著。在GDR策略中，LC-PUFA含量随着日粮中FO水平的降低呈线性下降。然而，在AFD策略中，未观察到LC-PUFA含量与FO投喂持续时间之间存在线性关系。3BT-1FO处理组的LC-PUFA含量高于2BT-1FO处理组。当比较两种具有相同最终FO投喂水平的策略时，即50BT与1BT-1FO，特别是75BT与3BT-1FO，AFD策略在肌肉和肝脏中的LC-PUFA含量均高于GDR策略。总之，当日粮中用BT替代FO时，在以FO为基础的日粮和以BT为基础的日粮之间交替投喂比标准直接替代能产生更高的LC-PUFA含量。连续3周投喂BT-C日粮，随后1周投喂FO-C日粮似乎是一种良好的交替投喂模式。本研究提供了一种在养鱼业中节约FO的有前景策略，同时能尽可能高地维持LC-PUFA含量。
