坦桑尼亚育龄妇女的贫血状况及其决定因素：对坦桑尼亚人口与健康调查数据的多层次分析。
Anemia status and its determinants among reproductive-age women in Tanzania: A multi-level analysis of Tanzanian demographic and health survey data.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2024 Nov 18;19(11):e0311105. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311105. eCollection 2024.
INTRODUCTION
Anemia is significantly associated with morbidity and mortality in women of reproductive age. Determining the prevalence and identifying associated risk factors remains an important topic in public health. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate and identify the risk factors for anemia in women of reproductive age in Tanzania.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study utilizing secondary data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey of 2022 was conducted. Weighted total samples of 8,921 reproductive-age women were included in the analysis. A multilevel Poisson regression model was employed to account for the hierarchical structure of the TDHS data. Deviance was used to compare the models. In the multivariable multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression model with robust variance, adjusted prevalence ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to identify the determinants of anemia.
RESULTS
The prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age in Tanzania was 42.02% [95% CI: (40.79%-43.25%)]. Of these, 19.82%, 19.35%, and 2.84% had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. The regression results revealed that women from households with the poorest wealth quantiles, underweight, pregnant status, high community poverty level, and women from the eastern and Zanzibar administrative zones had a higher prevalence of anemia. While currently employed, moderate alcohol consumption and use of hormonal contraceptive methods were associated with a lower prevalence of anemia.
CONCLUSION
The findings of the study showed that anemia is a severe public health issue among women of reproductive age in Tanzania, affecting more than four in ten women. Interventions targeting the improvement of nutrition, access to healthcare services, and education on anemia prevention and management should be prioritized to reduce the burden of anemia effectively.
简介
贫血与育龄妇女的发病率和死亡率显著相关。确定患病率并识别相关的风险因素仍然是公共卫生领域的一个重要课题。因此，本研究旨在估计并确定坦桑尼亚育龄妇女贫血的风险因素。
材料与方法
本研究采用了 2022 年坦桑尼亚人口与健康调查的二手数据，进行了一项横断面研究。分析中纳入了 8921 名育龄妇女的加权总样本。采用多级泊松回归模型来解释 TDHS 数据的层次结构。使用偏差来比较模型。在多变量多级混合效应泊松回归模型中，使用稳健方差来确定贫血的决定因素，计算调整后的患病率比及其相应的 95%置信区间。
结果
坦桑尼亚育龄妇女贫血的患病率为 42.02%[95%置信区间：（40.79%-43.25%）]。其中，19.82%、19.35%和 2.84%分别为轻度、中度和重度贫血。回归结果表明，来自最贫困家庭的妇女、体重不足、怀孕、高社区贫困水平以及来自东部和桑给巴尔行政区的妇女贫血患病率较高。而目前就业、适度饮酒和使用激素避孕方法与较低的贫血患病率相关。
结论
研究结果表明，贫血是坦桑尼亚育龄妇女严重的公共卫生问题，超过十分之四的妇女受到影响。应优先考虑改善营养、获得医疗保健服务以及开展贫血预防和管理教育的干预措施，以有效减轻贫血负担。
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