Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Jul 5;23(1):1292. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16187-5.
Anaemia is a major global public health problem, considerably affects young women in resource limited countries. The available researches on anaemia focused on children, pregnant women, or all women of reproductive age. However, women's biology and life experiences vary dramatically across 15 to 49 years, putting young women bear the higher burden of anaemia, mainly in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Therefore, this study assessed the burden of anaemia among young women (15-24 years) in 24 LMICs which conducted Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) between 2016 and 2021.
Data analysis was carried out with STATA version 14. The forest plot was used to explore the pooled prevalence of anaemia. Multilevel binary logistic regression was fitted to accommodate the hierarchical nature of the DHS data. Accordingly, a model with lowest deviance (model III) was the best-fitted model. All variables with a p-value ≤ 0.2 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted in the multi-level multivariable model. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI and p < 0.05 were presented to declare statistical significance.
The pooled prevalence of anaemia among young (15-24 years) women in 24 LMICs was 41.58% (95%CI: 34.51, 48.65). Country wise, Mali (62.95%) and Rwanda (14.13%) constitute the highest and lowest prevalence of anaemia. In this study, young women who lived in the poorest wealth status, had no education, were underweight, perceived distance to the health facility a big problem, larger family size, and women who had ever terminated pregnancy were associated with increased odds of anaemia. Whereas, young women who were overweight and not breast feeding had decreased odds of anaemia.
The unacceptably high burden of anaemia among young women setbacks the SDG target; to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. Therefore, it is highly recommended to take relevant interventions to reduce the burden of anaemia targeted the young women who are uneducated, have low socio-economic status, limited access to health facilities, and lived in larger family size.
贫血是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题，在资源有限的国家中，对年轻女性有很大的影响。现有的贫血相关研究主要集中在儿童、孕妇或所有育龄妇女身上。然而，女性的生物学和生活经历在 15 至 49 岁之间有很大的差异，这使得年轻女性承担了更高的贫血负担，主要在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）。因此，本研究评估了 24 个在 2016 年至 2021 年间进行人口与健康调查（DHS）的 LMICs 中 15-24 岁年轻女性的贫血负担。
使用 STATA 版本 14 进行数据分析。使用森林图探索贫血的总患病率。多水平二项逻辑回归用于适应 DHS 数据的层次结构。因此，具有最低偏差的模型（模型 III）是最佳拟合模型。在双变量分析中 p 值≤0.2 的所有变量均拟合于多水平多变量模型中。呈现调整后的比值比及其 95%置信区间和 p<0.05，以表明具有统计学意义。
24 个 LMICs 中 15-24 岁年轻女性的贫血总患病率为 41.58%（95%CI：34.51，48.65）。按国家划分，马里（62.95%）和卢旺达（14.13%）的贫血患病率最高和最低。在这项研究中，生活在最贫困财富状况、没有受过教育、体重不足、认为距离医疗机构是一个大问题、家庭规模较大、以及曾经终止妊娠的年轻女性，贫血的几率增加。而超重和不进行母乳喂养的年轻女性贫血的几率降低。
年轻女性贫血的负担不可接受，这使得实现到 2030 年消除所有形式营养不良的可持续发展目标（SDG）受到阻碍。因此，强烈建议采取相关干预措施，以减少贫血负担，针对未受过教育、社会经济地位较低、获得医疗保健机会有限、生活在大家庭中的年轻女性。
