School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
PLoS One. 2024 Nov 18;19(11):e0312745. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312745. eCollection 2024.
To mitigate empty seat loss caused by random passenger no-show behavior, this study extends seat allocation to joint optimization of overbooking and seat allocation for high-speed railways (HSR). Assuming that stochastic passenger demand follows a specific distribution and considering various constraints, including train capacity, demand, and denied boarding rate constraints, a nonlinear stochastic programming model for joint optimization of overbooking and seat allocation for HSR is constructed with the aim of maximizing railway expected revenue. To solve this optimization model, a multi-level optimization algorithm is designed. Based on the sampling averaging approximation method, demand scenarios and passenger no-show scenarios are generated and the optimization problem is decomposed, including the joint optimization of overbooking and seat allocation under a single demand scenario, and the ticket adjustment under other demand scenarios. For the former, it is further divided into two sub-problems according to the stochastic nature of passenger no-show behavior, which is optimized iteratively. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is evaluated through numerical studies. The results demonstrate that the proposed joint optimization method effectively addresses the randomness of passenger demand and no-show behavior, thereby improving HSR expected revenue and making up for the empty seat loss resulting from passenger no-show behavior.
为缓解因随机旅客缺乘行为导致的空座损失，本研究将座位分配扩展到高速铁路（HSR）的超额预订和座位分配联合优化。假设随机旅客需求遵循特定分布，并考虑到各种约束条件，包括列车容量、需求和拒绝登机率约束，构建了一个用于 HSR 超额预订和座位分配联合优化的非线性随机规划模型，旨在最大化铁路预期收益。为了解决这个优化模型，设计了一种多层次的优化算法。基于抽样平均逼近方法，生成需求场景和旅客缺乘场景，并对优化问题进行分解，包括单一需求场景下的超额预订和座位分配联合优化，以及其他需求场景下的票额调整。对于前者，根据旅客缺乘行为的随机性，进一步分为两个子问题，进行迭代优化。最后，通过数值研究评估了所提出模型和算法的有效性。结果表明，所提出的联合优化方法有效地解决了旅客需求和缺乘行为的随机性问题，从而提高了 HSR 的预期收益，并弥补了旅客缺乘行为导致的空座损失。
