State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiangan Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, No 4221-117, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen City, 361101, China, 86 13661934715.
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, China.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024 Nov 18;10:e49123. doi: 10.2196/49123.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that harms human health for a long time. TB epidemiological distribution analysis can help governments to control TB in high TB incidence areas. The distribution trend of TB cases varies in different regions. The unbalanced temporal and spatial trends of pulmonary TB (PTB) risk at a fine level in Fujian Province remain unclear.
The purpose was to analyze different distribution characteristics, explore the prevalence of TB in this region, and provide a scientific basis for further guidance of TB control work in Fujian Province, China.
Prefectural-level and county-level notified PTB case data were collected in Fujian Province. A joinpoint regression model was constructed to analyze the unbalanced temporal patterns of PTB notification rates from 2005 to 2021 at prefecture-level city scales. The spatial clustering analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis were performed to assess the inequality of the locations of PTB cases. Demographical characteristics were explored by the method of descriptive analysis.
TB cases reported in Fujian showed an overall downward trend from 2005 to 2021 (in 2005: n=32,728 and in 2021: n=15,155). TB case numbers showed obvious seasonal changes. The majority of TB cases were middle-aged and older adult male patients (45 years and older; n=150,201, 42.6%). Most of the TB cases were farmers (n=166,186, 47.1%), followed by houseworkers and the unemployed (n=48,828, 13.8%) and workers (n=34,482, 9.8%). Etiologically positive TB cases continue to be the main source of TB cases (n=159,702, 45.3%). Spatially, the reported TB cases were mainly distributed in cities in southeastern Fujian, especially at the county level. TB case numbers showed 2 spatial groups; cases within each group shared similar case characteristics. In terms of geographical distribution, TB showed obvious spatial correlation, and local areas showed high aggregation.
The TB incidence trend decreased annually in Fujian Province. TB cases distributed commonly in the male population, middle-aged and older people, and farmers. Etiologically positive cases are still the main source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. TB incidence is higher in the cities with a developed economy and large population in the southeast. TB control should be strengthened in these populations and areas, such as via early screening of cases and management of confirmed cases.
结核病（TB）是一种长期危害人类健康的慢性传染病。对结核病的流行病学分布进行分析，有助于政府在高结核病发病率地区控制结核病。结核病病例的分布趋势在不同地区有所不同。福建省肺结核（PTB）风险在精细水平上的时空不平衡趋势尚不清楚。
分析不同的分布特征，探讨该地区结核病的流行情况，为进一步指导福建省结核病防治工作提供科学依据。
收集福建省各县级及以上地区报告的肺结核病例数据。采用 joinpoint 回归模型分析 2005 年至 2021 年县级市结核病报告发病率的不平衡时间模式。采用空间聚类分析和空间自相关分析评估肺结核病例的分布不均等情况。采用描述性分析方法探讨人口统计学特征。
福建省报告的结核病病例从 2005 年至 2021 年呈总体下降趋势（2005 年：n=32728 例，2021 年：n=15155 例）。结核病病例数呈明显季节性变化。大多数结核病病例为中年及以上老年男性患者（45 岁及以上；n=150201 例，42.6%）。大多数结核病病例为农民（n=166186 例，47.1%），其次为家务和无业人员（n=48828 例，13.8%）和工人（n=34482 例，9.8%）。病原学阳性结核病病例仍是结核病病例的主要来源（n=159702 例，45.3%）。空间上，报告的结核病病例主要分布在福建省东南部的城市，特别是县级地区。结核病病例数呈现出 2 个空间组；每组内的病例具有相似的病例特征。从地理分布上看，结核病呈明显的空间相关性，局部地区呈高度聚集性。
福建省结核病发病率呈逐年下降趋势。结核病病例主要分布在男性人群、中老年人和农民中。病原学阳性病例仍是结核分枝杆菌感染的主要来源。经济发达、人口众多的东南部城市结核病发病率较高。应加强这些人群和地区的结核病防控工作，如对病例进行早期筛查和对确诊病例进行管理。
