GGZ WNB, Research and Innovation, Halsteren, Netherlands.
Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.
Clin Psychol Psychother. 2024 Nov-Dec;31(6):e70011. doi: 10.1002/cpp.70011.
This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between the presence and impact of ACEs with both reactive and proactive aggression, and the possible moderating role of mentalization (operationalized as reflective functioning) in these expected relationships. Sixty-five inpatient and outpatient adults with any kind of antisocial behaviour completed the Dutch version of the Traumatic Experiences Checklist, the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, and the Adult Attachment Interview with the use of the Reflective Functioning Scale. Preliminary analysis showed a remarkably high level of ACEs, and a relatively high reported impact of these experiences. We found a positive relationship between the total presence of ACEs (including childhood maltreatment and adverse household factors), and both reactive and proactive aggression. We also found positive relationships between the experienced impact of these ACEs and both reactive and proactive aggression. Regarding childhood maltreatment in family of origin, we did not find a correlation between the presence of these experiences and respectively reactive and proactive aggression. However, we found a correlation between the impact of childhood maltreatment and reactive aggression. These results suggest that in addition to the cumulative experience of ACEs, the subjective burden of these experiences on individuals must not be underestimated in case of aggression. Additional moderation analysis showed no differences in these relationships in case of less developed versus medium-high developed reflective functioning. The findings substantiate the importance of early prevention and treatment programs with focus on ACEs to possibly reduce aggression.
本横断面研究调查了 ACEs 的存在及其对反应性和主动性攻击的影响，以及心理化（操作性定义为反射功能）在这些预期关系中可能的调节作用。65 名有任何反社会行为的住院和门诊成年人完成了荷兰版创伤经历检查表、反应性-主动性攻击问卷和成人依恋访谈，并使用了反射功能量表。初步分析显示 ACEs 的水平非常高，这些经历的影响也相对较高。我们发现 ACEs 的总存在（包括儿童期虐待和不良家庭因素）与反应性和主动性攻击呈正相关。我们还发现这些 ACEs 的经历的影响与反应性和主动性攻击呈正相关。关于原生家庭中的儿童虐待，我们没有发现这些经历的存在与反应性和主动性攻击之间存在相关性。然而，我们发现儿童虐待的影响与反应性攻击之间存在相关性。这些结果表明，除了 ACEs 的累积经验外，在发生攻击时，个体对这些经历的主观负担也不容忽视。进一步的调节分析表明，在反射功能发育程度较低与中高度发育之间，这些关系没有差异。这些发现证实了早期预防和治疗方案的重要性，重点是 ACEs，以可能减少攻击。
