Beaulieu Kristine, Finlayson Graham, Quist Jonas Salling
School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2024 Nov 19:1-7. doi: 10.1017/S0029665124007511.
A person's chronotype reflects individual variability in diurnal rhythms for preferred timing of sleep and daily activities such as exercise and food intake. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the evidence around the influence of chronotype on eating behaviour and appetite control, as well as our perspectives and suggestions for future research. Increasing evidence demonstrates that late chronotype is associated with adverse health outcomes. A late chronotype may exacerbate the influence of greater evening energy intake on overweight/obesity risk and curtail weight management efforts. Furthermore, late chronotypes tend to have worse diet quality, with greater intake of fast foods, caffeine and alcohol and lower intake of fruits and vegetables. Late chronotype is also associated with eating behaviour traits that increase the susceptibility to overconsumption such as disinhibition, food cravings and binge eating. Whether an individual's chronotype influences appetite in response to food intake and exercise is an area of recent interest that has largely been overlooked. Preliminary evidence suggests additive rather than interactive effects of chronotype and meal timing on appetite and food reward, but that hunger may decrease to a greater extent in response to morning exercise in early chronotypes and in response to evening exercise in late chronotypes. More studies examining the interplay between an individual's chronotype, food intake/exercise timing and sleep are required as this could be of importance to inform personalised dietary and exercise prescriptions to promote better appetite control and weight management outcomes.
一个人的昼夜节律类型反映了其在睡眠以及运动和食物摄入等日常活动的偏好时间方面昼夜节律的个体差异。本综述的目的是概述有关昼夜节律类型对饮食行为和食欲控制影响的证据，以及我们对未来研究的观点和建议。越来越多的证据表明，晚睡型昼夜节律与不良健康结果相关。晚睡型昼夜节律可能会加剧夜间能量摄入增加对超重/肥胖风险的影响，并削弱体重管理的效果。此外，晚睡型昼夜节律的人往往饮食质量较差，快餐、咖啡因和酒精的摄入量较高，而水果和蔬菜的摄入量较低。晚睡型昼夜节律还与增加过度消费易感性的饮食行为特征有关，如去抑制、食物渴望和暴饮暴食。一个人的昼夜节律类型是否会影响对食物摄入和运动的食欲，是一个最近受到关注但在很大程度上被忽视的领域。初步证据表明，昼夜节律类型和进餐时间对食欲和食物奖励有相加而非交互作用，但早起型昼夜节律的人在晨练后饥饿感可能会更大程度地降低，而晚睡型昼夜节律的人在晚练后饥饿感可能会更大程度地降低。需要更多研究来考察个体的昼夜节律类型、食物摄入/运动时间和睡眠之间的相互作用，因为这可能对制定个性化的饮食和运动处方以促进更好的食欲控制和体重管理结果具有重要意义。
