Yang Chia-Lun, Tucker Robin M
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Chronobiol Int. 2022 May;39(5):616-625. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2016795. Epub 2021 Dec 20.
There is a growing body of literature that links chronotype to certain undesirable eating behaviors. However, the relationship between chronotype and dietary intake is poorly characterized among adults in the United States (U.S.). This cross-sectional study examined the associations among chronotype, snacking habits, dietary intake and quality, and food cravings. One-hundred adults living in the U.S. completed the study. Based on the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire score, an individual was categorized as having either a morning (M)-type, intermediate (I)-type, or evening (E)-type chronotype. Snack intake was assessed using a previously published specialized food frequency questionnaire. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake was assessed using the updated version of the Beverage Intake Questionnaire-15. Alcohol misuse was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption. Diet quality was obtained using the Diet History Questionnaire III. The validated General Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait measured participants' food cravings. E-type individuals reported consuming snacks more often over the course of a week than M-types ( = .002) but not I-types. In terms of timing of snacking, E-type individuals consumed more snacks after dinner than M-types ( < .001). E-type individuals consumed more energy-dense snacks ( = .005), especially candies ( = .005), than M-types. However, there were no significant differences in healthy snack frequency, diet quality, energy and macronutrient intake, SSB consumption, alcohol misuse, or food cravings among chronotypes ( > .05, for all). In conclusion, E-type individuals consumed snacks more frequently and later than M-types; however, chronotype was not associated with an individual's energy intake, diet quality, and food cravings, which suggests that chronotype is negligibly associated with weight gain-related behaviors in this population.
越来越多的文献将昼夜节律类型与某些不良饮食行为联系起来。然而，在美国成年人中，昼夜节律类型与饮食摄入之间的关系尚未得到充分描述。这项横断面研究考察了昼夜节律类型、零食习惯、饮食摄入与质量以及食物渴望之间的关联。一百名居住在美国的成年人完成了这项研究。根据霍恩-奥斯特伯格晨型-夜型问卷得分，个体被分类为具有晨型（M型）、中间型（I型）或夜型（E型）昼夜节律类型。零食摄入量通过先前发表的专门食物频率问卷进行评估。含糖饮料（SSB）摄入量通过饮料摄入问卷-15的更新版本进行评估。酒精滥用情况使用酒精使用障碍识别测试-消费版进行测量。饮食质量通过饮食史问卷III获得。经过验证的一般食物渴望问卷-特质测量了参与者的食物渴望。E型个体报告称，在一周的时间里比M型个体更频繁地吃零食（=0.002），但与I型个体没有差异。在吃零食的时间方面，E型个体晚餐后吃的零食比M型个体多（<0.001）。E型个体比M型个体摄入更多能量密集型零食（=0.005），尤其是糖果（=0.005）。然而，在健康零食频率、饮食质量、能量和宏量营养素摄入量、SSB消费、酒精滥用或不同昼夜节律类型之间的食物渴望方面没有显著差异（所有p>0.05）。总之，E型个体比M型个体更频繁、更晚地吃零食；然而，昼夜节律类型与个体的能量摄入、饮食质量和食物渴望无关，这表明在该人群中，昼夜节律类型与体重增加相关行为的关联可以忽略不计。
