Alasibi Samaa, Kazir Meital, Israel Álvaro, Livney Yoav D
Biotechnology & Food Engineering Department, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel.
Curr Res Food Sci. 2024 Oct 28;9:100905. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100905. eCollection 2024.
Rising global demand for animal-products exceeds human-population growth. This unsustainable trend causes harmful ecological effects. Overfishing causes extinction of aquatic animals and a dangerous biodiversity loss harming aquatic ecosystems. Hence, replacing animal-based food, particularly beef and fish, with sustainable alternatives is an urgent vital global mission. Analogs of animal-based products include plant-based, tissue-culture-based and fermentation-based products. Fish analogs have mainly been based on plant-protein, fungi, tissue-culture, but to our knowledge, fish analogs made of algae, particularly macroalgae, as the major component and protein-source have not been reported. 3D-food-printing is a fast-developing technology, enabling formation of complex three-dimensional structures with various heterogeneous topologies and tailorable compositions. Herein, we report the co-extraction of proteins and polysaccharides from the red marine-macroalgae , and using the extract in injection-based 3D-printing to form prototypes of salmon-fillet. Two bioinks were used: a red bioink dyed with microalgal-astaxanthin, for the muscle tissue, and a white bioink dyed with CaCO, for the intramuscular fatty-tissue. Algal proteins have excellent nutritional amino-acid composition, and the co-extraction with agar facilitates 3D-printing thanks to its pseudoplastic and gelling properties. This study highlights macroalgae as an exciting natural raw-material for fish analogs towards sustainable seafood production, thereby decreasing harm to ocean fisheries.
全球对动物产品需求的增长超过了人口增长。这种不可持续的趋势造成了有害的生态影响。过度捕捞导致水生动物灭绝和危险的生物多样性丧失，损害了水生生态系统。因此，用可持续的替代品取代动物性食品，特别是牛肉和鱼类，是一项紧迫而至关重要的全球使命。动物性产品的类似物包括植物性、基于组织培养和基于发酵的产品。鱼类类似物主要基于植物蛋白、真菌、组织培养，但据我们所知，尚未报道以藻类，特别是大型藻类为主要成分和蛋白质来源的鱼类类似物。3D食品打印是一项快速发展的技术，能够形成具有各种异质拓扑结构和可定制成分的复杂三维结构。在此，我们报告了从红色海洋大型藻类中共提取蛋白质和多糖，并将提取物用于基于注射的3D打印以形成鲑鱼片原型。使用了两种生物墨水：一种用微藻虾青素染色的红色生物墨水用于肌肉组织，一种用碳酸钙染色的白色生物墨水用于肌内脂肪组织。藻类蛋白质具有优异的营养氨基酸组成，与琼脂的共提取由于其假塑性和胶凝特性而便于3D打印。这项研究突出了大型藻类作为鱼类类似物令人兴奋的天然原料，以实现可持续的海鲜生产，从而减少对海洋渔业的危害。
