Hamonari Nasreen H
Dental Public Health, Kurdistan Higher Council of Medical Specialities, Erbil, IRQ.
Cureus. 2024 Nov 17;16(11):e73852. doi: 10.7759/cureus.73852. eCollection 2024 Nov.
The current body of literature on oral health in individuals with Down syndrome (SD) presents contradictory information. Individuals with DS often have distinct oral health difficulties that set them apart from the general population.
This study aimed to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in the saliva of children diagnosed with DS and explore their association with oral health status.
A cross-sectional study enrolled 82 participants aged 7-12, comprising 40 children with DS and 42 controls matched based on age and gender. Diagnosing dental caries relied on the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization. Oral hygiene was examined with the plaque index, and gingival health was estimated using the gingival index (GI). To evaluate oxidative stress, unstimulated whole saliva samples were gathered to measure levels of MDA and TOS. The study data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The p value for parametric variables was obtained using Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.
In this study, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding periodontal health and dental decay. However, children with DS displayed significantly elevated GI values compared to the control group (p = 0.05). Children with DS demonstrated significantly higher MDA levels than the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, DS children demonstrated a higher prevalence of dental caries in their primary teeth than their permanent teeth.
Children with DS have comparable rates of dental caries to non-DS children but show elevated levels of GI values. Furthermore, children with DS exhibit high levels of saliva MDA compared to their peers without DS. Future research should include a wider age range, additional oxidative stress markers, and factors like diet, lifestyle, and antioxidant supplementation. Longitudinal studies and quality-of-life assessments could offer deeper insights into the oral health of individuals with DS.
目前关于唐氏综合征（DS）患者口腔健康的文献资料存在相互矛盾的信息。唐氏综合征患者通常有独特的口腔健康问题，使他们有别于普通人群。
本研究旨在测量被诊断为唐氏综合征的儿童唾液中的丙二醛（MDA）和总氧化剂状态（TOS）水平，并探讨它们与口腔健康状况的关联。
一项横断面研究纳入了82名7至12岁的参与者，其中包括40名唐氏综合征儿童和42名根据年龄和性别匹配的对照组儿童。根据世界卫生组织提供的指南诊断龋齿。使用菌斑指数检查口腔卫生状况，并使用牙龈指数（GI）评估牙龈健康状况。为了评估氧化应激，收集未刺激的全唾液样本以测量MDA和TOS水平。使用社会科学统计软件包第22版（IBM公司，纽约州阿蒙克）对研究数据进行分析。参数变量的p值通过Pearson卡方检验和Fisher精确检验获得。
在本研究中，两组在牙周健康和龋齿方面无显著差异。然而，与对照组相比，唐氏综合征儿童的牙龈指数值显著升高（p = 0.05）。唐氏综合征儿童的丙二醛水平显著高于对照组（p < 0.001）。此外，唐氏综合征儿童乳牙龋齿的患病率高于恒牙。
唐氏综合征儿童的龋齿发生率与非唐氏综合征儿童相当，但牙龈指数值较高。此外，与非唐氏综合征的同龄人相比，唐氏综合征儿童的唾液丙二醛水平较高。未来的研究应涵盖更广泛的年龄范围、更多的氧化应激标志物以及饮食、生活方式和抗氧化剂补充等因素。纵向研究和生活质量评估可以为唐氏综合征患者的口腔健康提供更深入的见解。
