Hoai Lam Truong, Van Thanh Nguyen, Thanh Nguyen Cong, Hung Nguyen Duc, Minh Tran Duc, Long Nguyen Tuan
Cardiovascular Department, Tam Anh Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
Radiol Case Rep. 2024 Nov 6;20(1):570-573. doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.10.031. eCollection 2025 Jan.
ALCAPA is a rare congenital anomaly that presents with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and mitral valve regurgitation. The mortality rate is roughly 90% if the intracoronary collateral isn't significantly augmented. Malignant arrhythmias resulting in sudden death are common, affecting nearly 90% of patients with a mean age of 35 years. Especially during pregnancy, untreated ALCAPA can lead to high mortality and complications. Pregnant women with congenital heart disease have high risks for both themselves and their fetuses. Therefore, screening for congenital heart disease is very important in early diagnosis, counseling, and management. Most women born with congenital heart disease (CHD) will reach reproductive age. We report a case of a 30-year-old woman in her second trimester of pregnancy who presents with ALCAPA, preserved ejection fraction (EF), and mild LV dilation. An uncommon feature, in this case, is the origin of the left main (LM) coronary artery from the posterior to the right of the main pulmonary artery (MPA), which is very close to the ascending aorta, mimicking the normal origin of the LM from the aortic root in 2D transthoracic echocardiography. The patient also has preserved left ventricular function with endocardial fibroelastosis. Echocardiography should be performed every 4 weeks to assess the progression of the disease during pregnancy.
左冠状动脉起源异常(ALCAPA)是一种罕见的先天性畸形,表现为左心室(LV)功能障碍和二尖瓣反流。如果冠状动脉内的侧支循环没有明显增加,死亡率约为90%。导致猝死的恶性心律失常很常见,几乎影响90%平均年龄为35岁的患者。特别是在怀孕期间,未经治疗的ALCAPA可导致高死亡率和并发症。患有先天性心脏病的孕妇自身及其胎儿都面临高风险。因此,先天性心脏病的筛查在早期诊断、咨询和管理中非常重要。大多数患有先天性心脏病(CHD)的女性会达到生育年龄。我们报告一例30岁处于妊娠中期的女性病例,该患者患有ALCAPA,射血分数(EF)正常,左心室轻度扩张。在此病例中一个不常见的特征是左主(LM)冠状动脉起源于主肺动脉(MPA)后方右侧,在二维经胸超声心动图中非常靠近升主动脉,类似于LM从主动脉根部的正常起源。该患者还伴有心内膜弹力纤维增生症但左心室功能正常。孕期应每4周进行一次超声心动图检查,以评估疾病进展情况。