Kowalczyk Alicja, Wrzecińska Marcjanna, Gałęska Elżbieta, Czerniawska-Piątkowska Ewa, Camiña Mercedes, Araujo Jose P, Dobrzański Zbigniew
Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
Biol Reprod. 2025 Feb 14;112(2):225-244. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioae170.
Extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, play a pivotal role in the cellular mechanisms underlying cancer. This review explores the various functions of exosomes in the progression, growth, and metastasis of cancers affecting the male and female reproductive systems. Exosomes are identified as key mediators in intercellular communication, capable of transferring bioactive molecules such as microRNAs, proteins, and other nucleic acids that influence cancer cell behavior and tumor microenvironment interactions. It has been shown that non-coding RNAs transported by exosomes play an important role in tumor growth processes. Significant molecules that may serve as biomarkers in the development and progression of male reproductive cancers include miR-125a-5p, miR-21, miR-375, the miR-371 ~ 373 cluster, and miR-145-5p. For female reproductive cancers, significant microRNAs include miR-26a-5p, miR-148b, miR-205, and miRNA-423-3p. This review highlights the potential of these noncoding RNAs as biomarkers and prognostics in tumor diagnostics. Understanding the diverse roles of exosomes may hold promise for developing new therapeutic strategies and improving treatment outcomes for cancer patients.
细胞外囊泡，尤其是外泌体，在癌症相关的细胞机制中发挥着关键作用。本综述探讨了外泌体在影响男性和女性生殖系统癌症的进展、生长和转移中的各种功能。外泌体被确定为细胞间通讯的关键介质，能够传递生物活性分子，如影响癌细胞行为和肿瘤微环境相互作用的微小RNA、蛋白质和其他核酸。研究表明，外泌体运输的非编码RNA在肿瘤生长过程中起重要作用。在男性生殖系统癌症发生和发展过程中可能作为生物标志物的重要分子包括miR-125a-5p、miR-21、miR-375、miR-371~373簇和miR-145-5p。对于女性生殖系统癌症，重要的微小RNA包括miR-26a-5p、miR-148b、miR-205和miRNA-423-3p。本综述强调了这些非编码RNA作为肿瘤诊断中的生物标志物和预后指标的潜力。了解外泌体的多种作用可能为开发新的治疗策略和改善癌症患者的治疗效果带来希望。
