Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China.
Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
Aquat Toxicol. 2024 Dec;277:107164. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107164. Epub 2024 Nov 13.
Nitrite is a toxic substance found in rearing water that affects shrimp health. The hepatopancreas is an important digestive, immune, and metabolic organ in the shrimp. In this study, shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) were separately exposed to 1 and 5 mg/L nitrite stress for 48 h, and the toxicity of nitrite in the hepatopancreas was explored by integrating histology, physiological indicators, energy metabolism, and metabolomics. Nitrite stress induced morphological changes and stress responses in the hepatopancreas. Specifically, physiology-related indices, such as the relative gene expression levels of antioxidants (ROMO1, Nrf2, GPx), endoplasmic reticulum stress (Bip, IRE1 and XBP1), and immune genes (ALF, Pen-3, Lys) were decreased, whereas the gene expression of apoptosis (Casp-3), detoxification (CYP450), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity were increased. The activities of osmotic adjustment-related enzymes (NKA, CMA, and ATPase) also decreased. Energy metabolism-related indices, such as pyruvate and hepatic glycogen contents, increased, whereas glucose, lactic acid, triglyceride, and ATP contents and ATPase activity decreased, and the relative gene expression levels of carbohydrate metabolism (PDH, HK, and LDH) and electron-transport chain genes (CytC, COI and CCO) decreased, and the expressions of lipid metabolism (AMPK, SREBP, and FAS), tricarboxylic acid cycle (MDH, CS, IDH and FH) genes were also disturbed. The metabolic pattern of the hepatopancreas was affected by nitrite stress. Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were highly affected, and more functional amino acids varied in the 5 mg/L nitrite stress group. These results reveal the toxic effects of nitrite stress on the stress response, physiology, energy metabolism, and metabolite homeostasis in the hepatopancreas of shrimp. Several potential metabolite biomarker candidates were identified for toxicological evaluation.
亚硝酸盐是养殖水中的一种有毒物质，会影响虾的健康。肝胰腺是虾的重要消化、免疫和代谢器官。在这项研究中，虾（凡纳滨对虾）分别暴露于 1 和 5 mg/L 亚硝酸盐胁迫 48 h，通过整合组织学、生理指标、能量代谢和代谢组学来探讨肝胰腺中亚硝酸盐的毒性。亚硝酸盐胁迫诱导肝胰腺形态变化和应激反应。具体来说，与生理相关的指标，如抗氧化剂（ROMO1、Nrf2、GPx）、内质网应激（Bip、IRE1 和 XBP1）和免疫基因（ALF、Pen-3、Lys）的相对基因表达水平降低，而凋亡（Casp-3）、解毒（CYP450）和谷草转氨酶（GOT）活性的基因表达增加。渗透调节相关酶（NKA、CMA 和 ATPase）的活性也降低。能量代谢相关指标，如丙酮酸和肝糖原含量增加，而葡萄糖、乳酸、甘油三酯和 ATP 含量和 ATPase 活性降低，碳水化合物代谢（PDH、HK 和 LDH）和电子传递链基因（CytC、COI 和 CCO）的相对基因表达水平降低，脂质代谢（AMPK、SREBP 和 FAS）和三羧酸循环（MDH、CS、IDH 和 FH）的基因表达也受到干扰。肝胰腺的代谢模式受到亚硝酸盐胁迫的影响。甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢受到高度影响，更多的功能氨基酸在 5 mg/L 亚硝酸盐胁迫组中发生变化。这些结果揭示了亚硝酸盐胁迫对虾肝胰腺应激反应、生理、能量代谢和代谢物稳态的毒性作用。鉴定了一些潜在的代谢物生物标志物候选物用于毒理学评价。
