Duan Yafei, Zhong Guowei, Nan Yuxiu, Yang Yukai, Xiao Meng, Li Hua
Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province, Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572018, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Oct 29;13(11):1318. doi: 10.3390/antiox13111318.
Nitrite is the main environmental pollutant that endangers shrimp culture. Intestinal health is essential for the disease resistance of shrimp. In this study, shrimps were separately exposed to 1 and 5 mg/L of nitrite stress for 48 h, and then the variations in intestinal health were investigated from the aspects of histology, antioxidant, immunity, energy metabolism, and microbial community status. The results showed that nitrite stress damaged intestinal mucosa, and 5 mg/L of nitrite induced more obvious physiological changes than 1 mg/L. Specifically, the relative expression levels of antioxidant (, , , and ), ER stress ( and ), immunity (, , , and ), inflammation ( and ), and apoptosis ( and ) genes were increased. Additionally, intestinal energy metabolism was activated by inducing glucose metabolism (, , , and ), lipid metabolism ( and ), tricarboxylic acid cycle (, , , , and ), and electron transfer chain (, , , and ) gene transcription. Further, the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota composition was also disturbed, especially the abundance of some beneficial genera (, , , and ). These results reveal that nitrite stress could damage the intestinal health of by destroying mucosal integrity, inducing oxidation and ER stress, interfering with physiological homeostasis and energy metabolism, and disrupting the microbial community.
亚硝酸盐是危害对虾养殖的主要环境污染物。肠道健康对于对虾的抗病能力至关重要。在本研究中，将对虾分别暴露于1和5 mg/L的亚硝酸盐胁迫下48小时，然后从组织学、抗氧化、免疫、能量代谢和微生物群落状态等方面研究肠道健康的变化。结果表明，亚硝酸盐胁迫会损害肠道黏膜，5 mg/L的亚硝酸盐比1 mg/L诱导出更明显的生理变化。具体而言，抗氧化（、、、和）、内质网应激（和）、免疫（、、、和）、炎症（和）以及凋亡（和）基因的相对表达水平升高。此外，通过诱导葡萄糖代谢（、、、和）、脂质代谢（和）、三羧酸循环（、、、、和）以及电子传递链（、、、和）基因转录，激活了肠道能量代谢。此外，肠道微生物群组成的稳态也受到干扰，尤其是一些有益菌属（、、、和）的丰度。这些结果表明，亚硝酸盐胁迫可通过破坏黏膜完整性、诱导氧化和内质网应激、干扰生理稳态和能量代谢以及破坏微生物群落来损害对虾的肠道健康。
