Larsson Kjell, Carlson Ulrica, Stålnacke Erik
Kalmar Maritime Academy, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden.
Swedish Coast Guard, Box 536, 371 23, Karlskrona, Sweden.
Ambio. 2025 May;54(5):839-849. doi: 10.1007/s13280-024-02103-7. Epub 2024 Nov 19.
The transport of non-petroleum substances such as vegetable oils, other bio-based oils and their refined products by chemical tankers is increasing worldwide. The majority of the non-petroleum substances carried by chemical tankers will have detrimental effects on the marine environment if accidentally spilled or discharged during tank washing procedures. Swedish Coast Guard aircrafts detected 233 discharges of floating non-petroleum substances in the Swedish territorial sea and Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) between 2020 and 2023. The majority of the discharges, 84%, were detected in the EEZ. About 14% of the discharges were detected within protected marine Natura 2000 sites. Together, the detected discharges covered 1071 km of sea surface. Discharges in marine Natura 2000 sites covered 228 km. We conclude that the regulations in the IMO MARPOL Annex II convention are not strict enough to meet the objectives of EU nature legislation regarding protection of sensitive seas areas.
全球范围内，化学品船运输植物油、其他生物基油及其精炼产品等非石油物质的情况日益增多。如果在洗舱过程中意外泄漏或排放，化学品船所载的大多数非石油物质都会对海洋环境产生有害影响。2020年至2023年期间，瑞典海岸警卫队飞机在瑞典领海和瑞典专属经济区（EEZ）探测到233起漂浮非石油物质排放事件。其中大部分排放事件（84%）是在专属经济区探测到的。约14%的排放事件是在受保护的海洋“自然2000”区域内探测到的。探测到的排放事件共覆盖海面1071公里。在“自然2000”海洋区域的排放事件覆盖228公里。我们得出结论，国际海事组织《防止船舶污染海洋公约》附则II中的规定不够严格，无法实现欧盟关于保护敏感海域的自然立法目标。
