Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Sport and Sport Science Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Sandfangweg 4, 79102, Freiburg, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 19;14(1):28589. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79736-x.
Although balance training can improve balance across various populations, the underlying mechanisms, such as how balance training may alter sensory integration, remain unclear. This study examined the effects of balance training with visual input manipulations provided by virtual reality versus conventional balance training on measures of postural sway and sensory integration during balance control. Twenty-two healthy young adults were randomly allocated into a balance training group (BT) or a balance training with virtual reality group (BT + VR). The BT received traditional balance training, while the BT + VR additionally received visual manipulations during the 4-week balance training to elicit sensory conflicts. Static balance was measured in the form of center of pressure (COP) sway speed in trained (eyes open) and untrained (eyes closed) balance conditions. A model-based analysis quantified the sensory integration and feedback characteristics of the balance control mechanism. Herein, the visual weight quantifies the contribution of visual orientation information to balance while the proportional and derivative feedback loop-gains correct for deviations from the desired angular position and angular velocity, respectively. Significant main time effects were observed for the visual sensory contribution to balance (p = 0.002, [Formula: see text] = 0.41) and for the derivative feedback loop-gain (p = 0.011, [Formula: see text] = 0.29). Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for COP sway speed in the untrained task (p = 0.023, [Formula: see text] = 0.23) in favor of BT + VR and in the proportional feedback loop-gain, with reductions only in the BT + VR group (p = 0.043, [Formula: see text] = 0.2). BT + VR resulted in larger performance improvements compared with traditional BT in untrained tasks, most likely due to reduced reliance on visual information. This suggests that the systematic modulation of sensory inputs leads to enhanced capacity for motor adaptation in balance training.
虽然平衡训练可以改善各种人群的平衡能力，但平衡训练如何改变感觉整合等潜在机制仍不清楚。本研究通过虚拟现实提供的视觉输入操纵与传统平衡训练相比，检查了平衡训练对姿势摆动和平衡控制过程中感觉整合的影响。22 名健康的年轻人被随机分配到平衡训练组（BT）或平衡训练与虚拟现实组（BT+VR）。BT 接受传统的平衡训练，而 BT+VR 在 4 周的平衡训练期间还接受视觉操纵，以引起感觉冲突。静态平衡以受压中心点（COP）在训练（睁眼）和未训练（闭眼）平衡条件下的摆动速度来测量。基于模型的分析量化了平衡控制机制的感觉整合和反馈特征。在此，视觉权重量化了视觉方向信息对平衡的贡献，而比例和导数反馈回路增益分别纠正了与期望角位置和角速度的偏差。观察到视觉感觉对平衡的贡献（p=0.002，[Formula: see text]=0.41）和导数反馈回路增益（p=0.011，[Formula: see text]=0.29）的主要时间效应有显著差异。观察到 COP 在未训练任务中的摆动速度（p=0.023，[Formula: see text]=0.23）和比例反馈回路增益的显著组间时间交互作用，BT+VR 有利，仅在 BT+VR 组中减少（p=0.043，[Formula: see text]=0.2）。与传统 BT 相比，BT+VR 导致未训练任务的性能改善更大，这很可能是由于对视觉信息的依赖减少。这表明系统地调节感觉输入可增强平衡训练中的运动适应能力。
