Faculty of Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania.
Department of Urology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, P. O. Box 3010, Moshi, Tanzania.
BMC Cancer. 2024 Nov 19;24(1):1424. doi: 10.1186/s12885-024-13194-6.
Globally, prostate cancer is a common disease among men. However, limited epidemiological data exists regarding prostate cancer in Tanzania. Consequently, there is insufficient evidence to convince policymakers of the need to combat this health issue. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, trends and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer in northern Tanzania.
This cross-sectional study with chart review utilised data from the Kilimanjaro cancer registry, identifying all adult men diagnosed with cancer from January 2015- December 2021. The study recorded variables such as subject age, symptoms, Gleason score, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and metastatic statuses at presentation. Risk stratification followed American Society of Medical Oncology criteria, including low, intermediate and high-risk categories. The analysis was conducted using STATA version 17.
Over the study period, 5164 adult men were registered, with prostate cancer accounting for 1619(31.4%) and showing an increase trend in incidence. The mean age at presentation was 73.9(± 10.1) years, and the majority of study subjects were from Kilimanjaro region 1200(74.1%). After applying exclusion criteria, 714 subjects with histologically confirmed diagnoses of prostate cancer remained. Of these, 710(99.4%) were symptomatic at presentation, with lower urinary tract symptoms being the most common symptoms in 548(76.8%). The median PSA at presentation was 109(36.2-263) ng/mL with 349(51.1%) having a PSA of > 100ng/mL. Gleason group grades 4 and 5 accounted for 207(29.5%) and 219(31.2%), respectively. A total of 178(43.6%) subjects had metastatic disease at presentation. The treatment of choice for a large proportion of subject 440(94.6%) was androgen deprivation therapy.
The burden of prostate cancer in northern Tanzania is high and the majority of subjects present with symptoms. A large proportion of subjects have metastatic disease at initial presentation, emphasizing the need for prostate cancer screening.
在全球范围内，前列腺癌是男性中常见的疾病。然而，坦桑尼亚关于前列腺癌的流行病学数据有限。因此，没有足够的证据让决策者相信有必要解决这一健康问题。本研究旨在评估坦桑尼亚北部前列腺癌的患病率、趋势和临床病理特征。
这是一项横断面研究，通过病历回顾利用了 2015 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月期间乞力马扎罗癌症登记处的数据，确定了所有成年男性癌症患者。该研究记录了患者年龄、症状、Gleason 评分、前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) 和就诊时的转移状态等变量。风险分层遵循美国医学肿瘤学会的标准，包括低危、中危和高危类别。分析使用 STATA 版本 17 进行。
在研究期间，共登记了 5164 名成年男性，其中前列腺癌患者为 1619 例(31.4%)，发病率呈上升趋势。就诊时的平均年龄为 73.9(±10.1)岁，大多数研究对象来自基利马尼罗地区 1200 例(74.1%)。应用排除标准后，714 例经组织学证实为前列腺癌的患者被纳入研究。其中，710 例(99.4%)在就诊时出现症状，最常见的症状是下尿路症状，占 548 例(76.8%)。就诊时的中位 PSA 为 109(36.2-263)ng/ml，349 例(51.1%)PSA>100ng/ml。Gleason 组 4 级和 5 级分别占 207(29.5%)和 219(31.2%)。共有 178 例(43.6%)患者在就诊时出现转移疾病。大多数患者(440 例，94.6%)的治疗选择是雄激素剥夺治疗。
坦桑尼亚北部的前列腺癌负担很重，大多数患者有症状。很大一部分患者在初次就诊时就出现转移疾病，这强调了前列腺癌筛查的必要性。
