Chavan Sakshi, Mitra Debasis, Ray Anuprita
Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India.
Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), 566/6, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002 India.
Curr Res Microb Sci. 2024 Oct 26;7:100298. doi: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100298. eCollection 2024.
The investigation of biofuel production from rice husks highlights its potential as a sustainable energy source amid rising environmental concerns and the gradual loss of fossil fuel sources. Biomass-derived biofuels, notably those derived from lignocellulosic materials, such as rice husks, provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative that reduces greenhouse gas emissions while improving energy security. This review explores the need to produce biofuels along with the progression of biofuel technology throughout the four generations and the specific mechanisms involved in the conversion of bioethanol from rice husks. Several important stages are essential for the production of bioethanol from rice husks, including the disruption of lignocellulosic structure known as pretreatment, hydrolysis of complex carbohydrate structures into fermentable sugars, fermentation utilizing suitable microorganisms to produce ethanol, and purification of the end product by distillation. Despite significant advances, these systems still encounter challenges in terms of their cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Pretreatment techniques generally require considerable amounts of energy; the quantity of lignin influences hydrolysis effectiveness, and the process of fermentation must be carefully adapted for higher yields. This study emphasizes the need for continuing research and advancements to eliminate these obstacles. Improvements in pretreatment technologies, enzymatic applications, and fermentation procedures are essential to enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of rice husk bioethanol production. By emphasizing these areas, rice husks' potential utilization as a valuable biofuel source could assist in achieving long-term energy goals while lowering the negative environmental impact of energy generation.
对稻壳生物燃料生产的研究凸显了其在环境问题日益严重和化石燃料资源逐渐减少的情况下作为可持续能源的潜力。生物质衍生的生物燃料，尤其是那些来自木质纤维素材料（如稻壳）的生物燃料，提供了一种可持续且环保的替代方案，既能减少温室气体排放，又能提高能源安全性。本综述探讨了随着生物燃料技术历经四代的发展而产生的生产生物燃料的需求，以及从稻壳转化生物乙醇所涉及的具体机制。从稻壳生产生物乙醇有几个重要阶段，包括破坏木质纤维素结构（即预处理）、将复杂碳水化合物结构水解为可发酵糖、利用合适的微生物进行发酵以生产乙醇，以及通过蒸馏对最终产品进行纯化。尽管取得了重大进展，但这些系统在成本效益和效率方面仍面临挑战。预处理技术通常需要大量能源；木质素的量会影响水解效果，并且发酵过程必须仔细调整以提高产量。本研究强调需要持续进行研究和取得进展以消除这些障碍。预处理技术、酶的应用和发酵程序的改进对于提高稻壳生物乙醇生产的效率和成本效益至关重要。通过强调这些领域，稻壳作为有价值的生物燃料来源的潜在利用有助于实现长期能源目标，同时降低能源生产对环境的负面影响。
