First Department of Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Intensive Care Unit, Laiko Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Mycopathologia. 2024 Nov 20;189(6):100. doi: 10.1007/s11046-024-00907-5.
Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection, caused by fungi of the order Mucorales, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of mucormycosis is evolving. The incidence, underlying risk factors, clinical presentation, as well as the responsible mucoralean agents, vary by geographic region. The estimated incidence in developed countries ranges from less than 0.06 to 0.3 cases per 100,000 population per year, while in India, it reaches approximately 14 cases per 100,000 population per year, which is about 80 times higher. In European countries the estimated incidence ranges from less than 0.04 to 0.12 per 100,000 population per year. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading underlying disease globally. In Europe, hematological malignancies are the most common risk factor for mucormycosis, while in Asia diabetes predominates. The rhino-cerebral form of mucormycosis is most commonly seen in patients with DM, whereas pulmonary mucormycosis in patients with hematological malignancies and transplants. The most common species globally is Rhizopus arrhizus, whereas new emerging species only occasionally cause infection in Europe. However, vigilance is required, as they may raise concerns-especially in light of climate change- due to their potential to cause serious infections in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals.
毛霉病是一种侵袭性真菌感染，由毛霉目真菌引起，其发病率和死亡率均较高。毛霉病的流行病学正在发生变化。毛霉病的发病率、潜在危险因素、临床表现以及致病毛霉种类因地域不同而有所差异。在发达国家，发病率估计为每年每 10 万人中少于 0.06 至 0.3 例，而在印度，每年每 10 万人中约有 14 例，发病率大约高 80 倍。在欧洲国家，发病率估计为每年每 10 万人中少于 0.04 至 0.12 例。糖尿病（DM）是全球最主要的潜在疾病。在欧洲，血液系统恶性肿瘤是毛霉病最常见的危险因素，而在亚洲则以糖尿病为主。鼻-脑型毛霉病最常见于糖尿病患者，而肺型毛霉病则常见于血液系统恶性肿瘤和移植患者。全球最常见的物种是根毛霉，而新出现的物种在欧洲偶尔引起感染。然而，需要保持警惕，因为它们可能会引起关注，尤其是考虑到气候变化，因为它们有可能导致免疫功能正常和免疫抑制个体发生严重感染。
