Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Nov 20;19(11):e0312419. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312419. eCollection 2024.
The prevalence of constant light exposure and high-fat diet in modern society raises concerns regarding their impact on maternal and offspring health outcomes. In rodents, exposure to maternal high-fat diet or continuous light negatively program metabolic and stress response outcomes of offspring. A 2x3 factorial study was conducted to investigate the impact of diet (control-CON, 10% fat, or high fat-HF, 60% fat) and exposure to different lighting conditions: regular 12-hour light-dark cycles (LD), continuous dim light (L5), or continuous bright light (L100) on female ICR mice daily patterns of time in and out of the nest, feed intake, and fecal corticosterone levels during gestation and lactation. Our previous analysis of these mice found HF diet decreased number of pups born, but increased litter growth rate to postnatal (PN) d12. Whereas continuous light increased gestation length and tended to increase PN litter growth. Here we report that patterns of grams of feed intake, an indicator of feeding activity, were affected by light, diet, period of the day (day versus night) and physiological state (gestation and lactation), with significant interactions among all these variables (P<0.05). HF diet and light treatment increased fecal corticosterone output (P<0.05) during lactation. Dams exhibited significant 12 h and 24 h rhythms of activity out of the nest in the first 48 h postnatal, with time outside of the nest greater in the second 24 h period. L100 treatment and HF diet attenuated rhythms and shifted phase of rhythms relative to LD and CON, respectively (P<0.05). Alterations in behavior affect maternal physiology, including level and timing of release of corticosteroids. Elevated fecal corticosterone levels due to high-fat diet and continuous light may have potential implications on maternal-offspring health, and potentially underlie some of the adverse effects of modern lifestyle factors on maternal and offspring health.
现代社会中，持续光照和高脂肪饮食的普遍存在引起了人们对其对母婴健康影响的关注。在啮齿动物中，母体高脂肪饮食或持续光照会对后代的代谢和应激反应产生负面影响。本研究采用 2x3 析因设计，旨在探讨饮食（对照 CON、10%脂肪或高脂肪 HF、60%脂肪）和不同光照条件（12 小时明暗循环 LD、持续暗光 L5 或持续强光 L100）对雌性 ICR 小鼠妊娠期和哺乳期进出巢穴时间、摄食量和粪便皮质酮水平的影响。我们之前对这些小鼠的分析发现，高脂肪饮食会降低出生幼鼠的数量，但会增加产后（PN）第 12 天的窝仔生长速度。而持续光照则会增加妊娠期，并可能增加 PN 窝仔的生长速度。在这里，我们报告了摄食量（进食活动的一个指标）的变化模式受到光照、饮食、一天中的时间（白天和黑夜）和生理状态（妊娠期和哺乳期）的影响，所有这些变量之间存在显著的相互作用（P<0.05）。高脂肪饮食和光照处理会增加哺乳期粪便皮质酮的分泌（P<0.05）。产后前 48 小时，母鼠出巢活动呈现出显著的 12 小时和 24 小时节律，第二 24 小时期间出巢时间更长。L100 处理和 HF 饮食分别减弱了节律，并改变了节律的相位，与 LD 和 CON 相比（P<0.05）。行为的改变会影响母体的生理机能，包括皮质激素的释放水平和释放时间。高脂肪饮食和持续光照引起的粪便皮质酮水平升高可能对母婴健康有潜在影响，并可能是现代生活方式因素对母婴健康产生不良影响的部分原因。
