Li Jianxing, Yan Keyu, Duan Qingsong, Li Jing, Chen Zhengfa
Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited of POWERCHINA, Kunming, 650051, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 20;14(1):28781. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78872-8.
Under the current conditions of global climate change, many unreasonable tillage practices exacerbate soil erosion and seasonal drought in agriculture. The red soil slope farmland makes up a significant portion of agricultural land in southern China. It is crucial to enhance the water storage and soil conservation effects (WSE) by adopting appropriate agronomic practices on the red soil slope farmland, which ensures regional agriculture's sustainable development. Therefore, this study employed a combination of experimental plot positioning observations and artificially simulated rainfall experiments to analyze the WSE of four tillage practices: Conventional tillage (CT), Downslope ridge tillage (DT), Cross-slope ridge tillage (RT), and Plastic Mulching (PM). This study proposed the optimal tillage practices based on a comprehensive evaluation of their effects. The results indicate that there is a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between tillage practices and growth stages on soil water retention and infiltration characteristics. Under the same growth stage conditions, PM can reduce soil bulk density by 0.03-14.29% (p < 0.05) and increase temperature, soil moisture content, and total porosity by 4.00-6.67%, 0.68-18.23%, and 1.30-13.47% (p < 0.05), respectively, demonstrating the best water retention capabilities among the four tillage practices. However, during the rainfall-runoff process, the surface runoff amount (SRA) generated by PM and DT accounts for 68.15% and 90.83% of the total runoff, respectively, which is detrimental to soil water infiltration during rainfall. Both practices exhibit poor resistance to soil erosion and demonstrate low water storage and soil conservation effect index (WSEI) values of 0.38 and 0.33, respectively. Secondly, RT's SRA constitutes only 9.42% of the total runoff, which is beneficial for increasing the cumulative soil water infiltration amount (CIA) during rainfall. Among the three tillage practices, namely RT, DT, and CT, RT demonstrates strong soil water retention capabilities. It can significantly reduce the kinetic energy of soil erosion, enhance soil erosion resistance, and exhibit the highest WSEI of 0.84. Furthermore, CT exhibits a moderate WSEI of 0.75. In summary, from the perspective of WSEI, RT is the tillage practice that should be prioritized for promotion in the cultivation process of red soil slope farmland. Our research results can provide a scientific basis for constructing optimal tillage mode and improving the WSE of southern China's red soil slope farmland.
在当前全球气候变化的背景下，许多不合理的耕作方式加剧了农业土壤侵蚀和季节性干旱。红壤坡耕地占中国南方农业用地的很大一部分。通过在红壤坡耕地上采取适当的农艺措施来提高蓄水保土效果（WSE）至关重要，这确保了区域农业的可持续发展。因此，本研究采用试验小区定位观测和人工模拟降雨试验相结合的方法，分析了常规耕作（CT）、顺坡垄作（DT）、横坡垄作（RT）和地膜覆盖（PM）四种耕作方式的蓄水保土效果。本研究在综合评估其效果的基础上提出了最佳耕作方式。结果表明，耕作方式与生长阶段对土壤持水和入渗特性存在显著交互作用（p < 0.05）。在相同生长阶段条件下，PM可使土壤容重降低0.03 - 14.29%（p < 0.05），温度、土壤含水量和总孔隙度分别提高4.00 - 6.67%、0.68 - 18.23%和1.30 - 13.47%（p < 0.05），在四种耕作方式中保水能力最佳。然而，在降雨 - 径流过程中，PM和DT产生的地表径流量（SRA）分别占总径流量的68.15%和90.83%，这对降雨期间土壤水分入渗不利。这两种方式对土壤侵蚀的抗性较差，蓄水保土效果指数（WSEI）值分别低至0.38和0.33。其次，RT的SRA仅占总径流量的9.42%，有利于增加降雨期间的土壤水分累积入渗量（CIA）。在RT、DT和CT这三种耕作方式中，RT具有较强的土壤持水能力。它能显著降低土壤侵蚀动能，增强土壤抗侵蚀能力，WSEI最高，为0.84。此外，CT的WSEI为中等水平，为0.75。综上所述，从WSEI角度来看，RT是红壤坡耕地种植过程中应优先推广的耕作方式。我们的研究结果可为构建最佳耕作模式和提高中国南方红壤坡耕地的蓄水保土效果提供科学依据。
