Fatumah Nakiguli, Tilahun Seifu A, Mohammed Ssemwanga
College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Heliyon. 2020 Dec 1;6(12):e05616. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05616. eCollection 2020 Dec.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development addressing the issues of environmental degradation has been challenged by human developments and activities. Crop production systems and technologies (e.g. soil tillage) are among the leading factors causing environmental degradation. In this study, the effect of soil tillage systems (i.e. no-tillage (NT); stubble-mulching (SM); deep tillage (DT); and conventional tillage (CT)) on surface runoff volume (SRV), suspended sediment concentration (SSC), infiltration rate (IR), and soil moisture content (SMC) in the common bean ( L.) farms, Mukono District, Uganda was evaluated. The effect of soil tillage direction on SRV was also assessed. The SRV, SSC, IR, and SMC were monitored under Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) experiments with four soil tillage systems in Goma and Kimenyedde experimental sites during two wet seasons. The results showed that SRV, SSC, IR, and SMC were significantly ( < 0.05) influenced by the soil tillage system, season, and site. The highest total SRV was observed during the first season in Goma experimental site under CT with soil tillage along the slope (1071.3 mm). The lowest SRV was observed during the second season in Kimenyedde experimental site under NT (165.0 mm). The highest and lowest mean SSC was observed in the CT (2.41 ± 0.3 g L) in Goma experimental site during the first season and NT (0.43 ± 0.1 g L) in Kimenyedde experimental site during the second season, respectively. The SSL was highest under CT in both Goma (147.17 kg haseason) and Kimenyedde (114.93 kg haseason), and lowest under NT with the means of 11.25 and 9.19 kg haseason in Goma and Kimenyedde experimental sites, respectively. Both SRV and SSC increased linearly with both rainfall amount (RF) and rainfall intensity at 10 min (RI). The highest and lowest IR and SMC were observed in the NT and CT treatments, respectively. No significant ( > 0.05) variations were observed in the SMC under the NT and SM treatments. Overall, soil tillage systems, soil type, and rainfall characteristics are among the key factors influencing the magnitudes of SRV and SSC in both time and space. This particular study suggests that NT and SM would help reduce the magnitudes of SRV and SSC, in agricultural fields.
《2030年可持续发展议程》中涉及环境退化问题的部分受到了人类发展与活动的挑战。作物生产系统和技术（如土壤耕作）是导致环境退化的主要因素。在本研究中，评估了土壤耕作系统（即免耕（NT）、留茬覆盖（SM）、深耕（DT）和传统耕作（CT））对乌干达穆科诺区菜豆农场地表径流量（SRV）、悬浮泥沙浓度（SSC）、入渗率（IR）和土壤湿度含量（SMC）的影响。还评估了土壤耕作方向对地表径流量的影响。在两个雨季期间，在戈马和基门耶德实验点进行了完全随机区组设计（CRBD）实验，对四种土壤耕作系统下的地表径流量、悬浮泥沙浓度、入渗率和土壤湿度含量进行了监测。结果表明，地表径流量、悬浮泥沙浓度、入渗率和土壤湿度含量受到土壤耕作系统、季节和实验点的显著影响（<0.05）。在戈马实验点第一季，沿坡进行传统耕作时观测到最高的总地表径流量（1071.3毫米）。在基门耶德实验点第二季，免耕条件下观测到最低的地表径流量（165.0毫米）。在戈马实验点第一季的传统耕作（2.41±0.3克/升）和基门耶德实验点第二季的免耕（0.43±0.1克/升）条件下，分别观测到最高和最低的平均悬浮泥沙浓度。在戈马（147.17千克/公顷·季）和基门耶德（114.93千克/公顷·季），传统耕作条件下的土壤流失量最高，而在戈马和基门耶德实验点，免耕条件下的土壤流失量最低，分别为11.25和9.19千克/公顷·季。地表径流量和悬浮泥沙浓度均随降雨量（RF）和10分钟降雨强度（RI）呈线性增加。免耕和传统耕作处理分别观测到最高和最低的入渗率和土壤湿度含量。在免耕和留茬覆盖处理下，土壤湿度含量未观察到显著差异（>0.05）。总体而言，土壤耕作系统、土壤类型和降雨特征是在时间和空间上影响地表径流量和悬浮泥沙浓度大小的关键因素。这项具体研究表明，免耕和留茬覆盖有助于减少农田中的地表径流量和悬浮泥沙浓度。
