Bere Mikaela, Rossell Susan L, Toh Wei Lin
Centre for Mental Health & Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.
Centre for Mental Health & Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia; Psychiatry, St Vincent's Mental Health Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Psychiatry Res. 2024 Dec;342:116268. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116268. Epub 2024 Nov 14.
Multisensory hallucinations refer to unusual perceptual events in the absence of corresponding stimuli, experienced in two or more sensory modalities. Within the schizophrenia-spectrum disorder literature, the cognitive correlates of multisensory and non-auditory hallucinations remain largely unknown. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesise research that explored relationships between cognition and non-auditory and multisensory hallucinations in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Published, peer-reviewed, empirical research studies were sought through three databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Studies that had explored visual, olfactory, tactile, and gustatory hallucinations, or multisensory hallucinations, and their relationships to any basic cognitive mechanisms were included. Of 2218 records identified, a total of 17 studies met inclusion criteria. Visual hallucinations were the most frequently explored (13 studies); followed by olfactory hallucinations (five studies), tactile hallucinations (two studies) and multisensory hallucinations (two studies). Several cognitive mechanisms were studied, yet the majority were only explored in individual studies across the sensory modalities, limiting conclusions that could be drawn. Exploring the potential mechanistic drivers for hallucinations across multiple sensory modalities would advance the field significantly and allow for development of aetiological models that better capture the full gamut of hallucinatory experiences.
多感官幻觉是指在没有相应刺激的情况下出现的异常感知事件，涉及两种或更多的感觉模态。在精神分裂症谱系障碍的文献中，多感官和非听觉幻觉的认知关联在很大程度上仍不为人所知。本综述旨在梳理和综合探索精神分裂症谱系障碍中认知与非听觉及多感官幻觉之间关系的研究。通过三个数据库（科学网、Scopus和PubMed）检索已发表的、经过同行评审的实证研究。纳入了探索视觉、嗅觉、触觉和味觉幻觉或多感官幻觉及其与任何基本认知机制关系的研究。在识别出的2218条记录中，共有17项研究符合纳入标准。视觉幻觉是研究最频繁的（13项研究）；其次是嗅觉幻觉（5项研究）、触觉幻觉（2项研究）和多感官幻觉（2项研究）。研究了几种认知机制，但大多数仅在跨感觉模态的个别研究中进行了探索，限制了能够得出的结论。探索跨多种感觉模态的幻觉潜在机制驱动因素将极大地推动该领域的发展，并有助于建立能更好地涵盖全部幻觉体验范围的病因模型。
