Triple inhaled therapy in asthma: Beliefs, behaviours and doubts.

Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) in association with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABA) are recommended by the GINA report as further option in step 4 and first choice in step 5 treatment. Despite consistent evidence of its efficacy and safety, inhaled triple therapy (ITT) is still not largely used in patients with asthma. With the aim to explore belief and behaviours of asthma specialists, an ad hoc survey has been developed by a panel of Interasma Scientific Network (INESnet) experts and subsequently defined by two Delphi rounds among an international group of physicians. The questionnaire has been distributed through Interasma social media between June and September 2023. Besides a descriptive analysis, to assess the responses gathered from the questionnaire, Spearman's non-parametric statistical method was employed. Totally, three hundred fourteen questionnaires were completed. Clinicians' attitudes and behaviours toward timing and methodologies adopted in prescribing ITT, were analysed. 35.7 % specialists consider ITT as a relevant therapeutic option, 61.8 % that is second option after reaching high dose of ICS-LABA and 89.2 % agreed that optimization of inhaled therapy should be attempted before the use of biological drugs. Persistent flow limitation and high reversibility are considered predictive factors of response. Specialists consider ITT a resource in asthma management. Although its efficacy in decreasing exacerbation rate and improving lung function were well known, the survey revealed persistent uncertainties among clinicians in positioning it highlighting the need for further measures to effectively integrate research findings into day-to-day clinical practice.