Wileman Taylor M, McKay Marnee J, Hackett Daniel A, Watson Timothy J, Fleeton Jennifer, Fornusek Ché
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sports Med. 2025 Feb;55(2):341-391. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-02132-y. Epub 2024 Nov 22.
As the focus of classification shifts towards an evidence-based approach, it is crucial to establish a robust system that relies on valid and reliable measures of impairment to ensure legitimate and competitive opportunities for all Para athletes. However, the lack of methods that possess the necessary measurement properties for assessing impairments in Para sporting populations presents significant challenges to developing an evidence-based classification system.
This review aimed to identify and evaluate measures of impairment and activity limitation measures that have been used to assess eligible impairments in Para sport athletes for potential use in evidence-based classification.
Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched from their earliest record to December 2023.
Fifty-one articles were identified, with twenty-one studies focusing on physical impairment measures. Isometric and grip strength emerged as effective measures. Coordination measures, such as tapping tasks, showed variations with performance. Additionally, six studies focused on intellectual impairments, revealing differences between impaired and non-impaired athletes through generic cognitive tests. Vision impairment measures, including visual acuity and visual field assessments, displayed varying associations with performance across sports.
Although research on evidence-based classification in Para sport is limited, this review provides valuable insights for sports in developing a testing battery that adheres to evidence-based protocols. Ongoing research efforts by sport governing bodies to prioritise research in this area will improve our understanding of the impairment-performance relationship, leading to better decision making and increased credibility in Para sport classification systems.
随着分类重点转向基于证据的方法，建立一个强大的系统至关重要，该系统依赖于有效且可靠的损伤测量方法，以确保所有残疾运动员都有公平竞争的机会。然而，缺乏具备评估残疾运动员损伤所需测量属性的方法，给开发基于证据的分类系统带来了重大挑战。
本综述旨在识别和评估用于评估残疾运动运动员合格损伤的损伤测量方法和活动受限测量方法，以供在基于证据的分类中潜在使用。
检索了六个电子数据库（MEDLINE、Embase、SPORTDiscus、CINAHL、Scopus、Web of Science），检索时间从各数据库最早记录至2023年12月。
共识别出51篇文章，其中21项研究聚焦于身体损伤测量方法。等长肌力和握力是有效的测量方法。诸如敲击任务等协调性测量方法的表现存在差异。此外，六项研究聚焦于智力损伤，通过通用认知测试揭示了损伤运动员与未损伤运动员之间的差异。视力损伤测量方法，包括视力和视野评估，在不同运动项目中的表现关联各异。
尽管关于残疾运动基于证据的分类研究有限，但本综述为各运动项目开发遵循基于证据方案的测试组合提供了有价值的见解。体育管理机构持续进行的研究工作，将此领域研究列为优先事项，将增进我们对损伤与表现关系的理解，从而在残疾运动分类系统中做出更好的决策并提高可信度。
