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内陆河流域生态干旱的时空特征及其驱动因素

Temporal and spatial characteristics of ecological drought in the Inland River Basin and its driving factors.

作者信息

Zhang Zezhong, Liu Jian, Feng Kai, Wang Fei, Guo Hengzhi, Zhang Weijie, Wang Sinan

机构信息

North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.

Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Hohhot, 010018, China.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 21;14(1):28900. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76988-5.

DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-76988-5
PMID:39572619
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11582612/
Abstract

Most of the previous studies only used the index of vegetation growth to characterize ecological drought. This study built a Standardized Ecological Water Deficit Index (SEWDI) , analysed its space-time evolution characteristics from the perspectives of time, space and spatio-temporal coupling, extractes feature variables by three-dimensional spatio-temporal clustering, analysed typical ecological drought events, the effect of teleconnection factors on ecological drought was investigated using cross wavelet analysis . The reliability of SEWDI was quantitatively evaluated by comparing the r values of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSMI), self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI), and SEWDI with Standardized Solar-induced Fluorescence (SSIF) at various scales in time.The results demonstrated that: (1) Ecological drought in the Inland River Basin showed a weakening trend from 1982 to 2015. Seasonal drought showed a wetting trend in the west and a drought trend in the east, and the wetting trend is most evident in spring. It may be related to the policy of returning farmland to forest in the eastern part of IRB in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. (2) Three-dimensional recognition method could extract more detailed characteristic variables of ecological drought events. A total of 133 ecological drought events occurred in the Inland River Basin during 1982-2015, and ecological drought events had a longer duration and intensity after the twenty-first century. (3) June 2005 to February 2007 was the most severe ecological drought event on record, which lasted for 21 months. The drought intensity was 44.65 × 10 month·km, and the drought area was 23.79 × 10km. The event occurred in June 2005, intensified in September 2005, attenuated in June 2006, re-intensified in August 2006 and re-attenuated (extinction) in February 2007. The trend of drought migration spread to northeast (4) Among the teleconnecting factors, Among the teleconnection factors, ENSO has the most complex and greatest influence on ecological drought in the Inland River Basin. (5) In addition to having a high correlation with other drought indexs, the SEWDI can also more accurately reflect the effects of drought on vegetation. When ENSO events occur, IRB precipitation decreases significantly. However, the effect of soil moisture on vegetation is ignored in this study, which aims to provide ideas for calculating ecological drought index of small watershed. How to accurately calculate ecological water deficiency in different soil regions is the focus of future work.

摘要

以往的大多数研究仅使用植被生长指数来表征生态干旱。本研究构建了标准化生态缺水指数（SEWDI），从时间、空间和时空耦合的角度分析其时空演变特征，通过三维时空聚类提取特征变量，分析典型生态干旱事件，利用交叉小波分析研究遥相关因子对生态干旱的影响。通过比较标准化降水指数（SPI）、标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）、标准化土壤湿度指数（SSMI）、自校准帕尔默干旱严重度指数（scPDSI）以及SEWDI与不同时间尺度上的标准化太阳诱导荧光（SSIF）的r值，对SEWDI的可靠性进行了定量评估。结果表明：（1）1982年至2015年，内陆河流域的生态干旱呈减弱趋势。季节性干旱在西部呈湿润趋势，在东部呈干旱趋势，且湿润趋势在春季最为明显。这可能与内蒙古自治区内陆河流域东部的退耕还林政策有关。（2）三维识别方法能够提取生态干旱事件更详细的特征变量。1982 - 2015年期间，内陆河流域共发生133次生态干旱事件，21世纪后生态干旱事件的持续时间更长、强度更大。（3）2005年6月至2007年2月是有记录以来最严重的生态干旱事件，持续了21个月。干旱强度为44.65×10月·平方千米，干旱面积为23.79×1平方千米。该事件于2005年6月发生，2005年9月加剧，2006年6月减弱，2006年8月再次加剧，2007年2月再次减弱（消失）。干旱迁移趋势向东北蔓延。（4）在遥相关因子中，厄尔尼诺 - 南方涛动（ENSO）对内陆河流域生态干旱的影响最为复杂且最大。（5）SEWDI除了与其他干旱指数具有高度相关性外，还能更准确地反映干旱对植被的影响。当ENSO事件发生时，内陆河流域降水量显著减少。然而，本研究忽略了土壤湿度对植被的影响，旨在为小流域生态干旱指数的计算提供思路。如何准确计算不同土壤区域的生态缺水量是未来工作的重点。

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