LaFrance Benjamin J, Ray Andrew M, Tercek Michael T, Fisher Robert N, Hossack Blake R
National Park Service, Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA.
National Park Service, Southern Plains Network, Pecos, NM, 87552, USA.
NPJ Biodivers. 2024 Nov 21;3(1):35. doi: 10.1038/s44185-024-00067-1.
We assessed amphibian diversity, rarity, and threats across the National Park System (U.S.A.), which covers 3.5% of the country and 12% of federal lands. At least 230 of 354 (65%) amphibian species documented in the country occur on National Park Service lands. Of species in parks, 17% are at-risk globally and 20% are uncategorized, reflecting still-widespread data deficiencies. National parks in the Northwest and Northeast had the steepest species‒area relationships. Non-native crayfishes and amphibians occur within 50 km of 60% and 25% of parks, respectively, illustrating the broad threat of non-native predators. Projected mid-century (2040-2069) changes in climatic water deficit, based on 25 climate futures, produced an expected 34% increase in dryness across all national parks in the conterminous U.S.A. Our analyses highlight the extent and regional differences in current and future threats and reveal gaps in species protection, but also reveal opportunities for targeted expansion and active management.
我们评估了美国国家公园系统内的两栖动物多样性、珍稀程度及面临的威胁，该系统覆盖了美国3.5%的国土面积以及12%的联邦土地。美国记录在案的354种两栖动物中，至少有230种（65%）出现在国家公园管理的土地上。在公园内的物种中，17%在全球范围内处于濒危状态，20%未被分类，这反映出数据缺乏的情况仍然普遍存在。美国西北部和东北部的国家公园具有最明显的物种-面积关系。非本地小龙虾和两栖动物分别出现在60%和25%的公园周边50公里范围内，这表明非本地捕食者构成了广泛的威胁。根据25种气候预测情景，预计到本世纪中叶（2040 - 2069年），美国本土所有国家公园的气候水分亏缺将增加34%。我们的分析突出了当前和未来威胁的程度及区域差异，揭示了物种保护方面的差距，但也揭示了有针对性地扩大保护范围和进行积极管理的机会。
