Ashley Louise
School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Sociol Health Illn. 2025 Feb;47(2):e13860. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13860. Epub 2024 Nov 21.
'Widening Access' in UK medicine seeks to improve access on the basis of socioeconomic background (SEB). However, evidence has emerged of 'socially stratified' careers, as doctors from less advantaged backgrounds are more likely to train in less competitive specialties, such as psychiatry or primary care. These patterns have been welcomed to date as this improves access to care, yet less positive consequences have been overlooked. Based on in-depth interviews (n = 54) with medical students, qualified doctors and medical educators from less advantaged backgrounds (n = 38), this article asks how values influence medical careers, for what this can tell us about the causes of social stratification and how this informs status hierarchies within the profession. Using the work of Bourdieu, we find that while participants value empathy and compassionate care they believe both are less valuable when securing more competitive careers, and may signal less skill. This helps explain why doctors from less advantaged careers may prefer more community orientated roles, which are often less competitive, and why these specialties may also attract less status and respect. A related risk is that doctors from less advantaged backgrounds are over-represented in areas imposing the highest emotional demands to become the profession's 'emotional proletariat'.
英国医学领域的“拓宽准入”旨在根据社会经济背景(SEB)改善医疗服务的可及性。然而,有证据显示存在“社会分层”的职业发展模式,因为出身较不利背景的医生更有可能选择竞争没那么激烈的专业进行培训,比如精神病学或初级医疗。迄今为止,这些模式受到了欢迎,因为这改善了医疗服务的可及性,但一些不太积极的后果却被忽视了。基于对出身较不利背景的医学生、执业医生和医学教育工作者进行的深入访谈(n = 54)以及对同样背景的人员进行的访谈(n = 38),本文探讨价值观如何影响医学职业发展,这能让我们了解社会分层的原因,以及这如何影响该职业内部的地位等级制度。运用布迪厄的研究成果,我们发现,虽然参与者重视同理心和关怀性护理,但他们认为在谋求竞争更激烈的职业时,这两者的价值较低,而且可能意味着技能不足。这有助于解释为什么出身较不利背景的医生可能更倾向于选择更以社区为导向的角色,这些角色往往竞争没那么激烈,以及为什么这些专业可能也不太受重视和尊重。一个相关的风险是,出身较不利背景的医生在那些对情绪要求最高的领域占比过高,从而成为该职业的“情绪无产者”。