Rhimi Soufien, Jablaoui Amin, Hernandez Juan, Mariaule Vincent, Akermi Nizar, Méric Tristan, Mkaouar Héla, Wysocka Magdalena, Lesner Adam, Borgi Mohamed Ali, Maguin Emmanuelle, Rhimi Moez
Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems (LBBEEO), Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Zarroug, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia.
Anim Microbiome. 2024 Nov 21;6(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s42523-024-00357-w.
The gut microbiota and derived metabolites play a key role in regulating host physiology. Diet is identified as a key regulatory factor of the microbiota composition and, potentially, of subsequent functionalities. Demonstrating the role of diet may be complex as most human studies are cross-sectional and dietary intervention is often accompanied by hygienic changes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of an industrial diet on the modulation of the microbiota and targeted functionalities using a canine "natural" model.
We carried out a controlled dietary trial in a cohort of Tunisian semi-stray dogs. We made a transition from a natural diet to an industrial kibble diet and monitored the composition of the fecal microbiota, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bile acids (BAs), and protease activities. We demonstrated that dietary change significantly decreased fecal primary bile acids levels and protease activities. Interestingly, correlation analyses demonstrated that variation of specific microbial genera were associated with modulated physiological parameters.
Our study reveals that an industrial diet induces beneficial changes in microbial composition and functions characterised by increased diversity, synthesis of SCFA and secondary bile acids production, stressing the key role of the diet-microbiota-dog crosstalk.
肠道微生物群及其衍生代谢产物在调节宿主生理过程中起关键作用。饮食被认为是微生物群组成以及后续潜在功能的关键调节因素。由于大多数人体研究都是横断面研究，且饮食干预常常伴随着卫生条件的改变，因此证明饮食的作用可能很复杂。本研究的目的是利用犬类“自然”模型，研究工业化饮食对微生物群及其靶向功能调节的影响。
我们在一群突尼斯半流浪犬中进行了一项对照饮食试验。我们将饮食从天然饮食转换为工业化干狗粮饮食，并监测了粪便微生物群的组成、短链脂肪酸（SCFA）和胆汁酸（BAs）的浓度以及蛋白酶活性。我们证明饮食变化显著降低了粪便中初级胆汁酸水平和蛋白酶活性。有趣的是，相关性分析表明特定微生物属的变化与生理参数的调节有关。
我们的研究表明，工业化饮食会引起微生物组成和功能的有益变化，其特征为多样性增加、SCFA合成以及次级胆汁酸生成，强调了饮食-微生物群-犬相互作用的关键作用。
